Ululation

Look up ululation, ololuge, or ololugmos in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

An ululation (aka ololuge or ololygmos) is a long, wavering, high-pitched sound resembling the howl of a dog or wolf with a trilling quality. It is exclusive to women^[1], and is produced by emitting a high pitched loud voice accompanied with a rapid movement of the tongue and the uvula^[1]. Usually when ululating women would place the right hand horizontally over the upper lip^[1]. The term ululation is an onomatopoeic word derived from Latin. It is produced by moving the tongue, rapidly, from left to right repetitively in the mouth while producing a sharp sound.

Around the world

Ululation is found in some singing techniques and ritual situations. In Arab countries ululation is commonly used by women to express celebration, especially at weddings and also in funerals of martyrs in the Muslim world, since they are believed to be going to Jannah. It may also be used to encourage belly dancing. In the Middle East, zaghareet is an ululation performed to honor someone. In East Africa, ululation (or ililta) performed by worshippers is a feature of services in the Ethiopian Orthodox^[2] and Eritrean Orthodox Churches, and is also commonly used in secular celebrations such as parties or concerts. Ululation is incorporated into African musical styles such as Shona music, where it is a form of audience participation, along with clapping and call-and-response. The Basque irrintzi is a signal of happiness originating from shepherds^[3][4]

Ululation is also widely practiced in southern and eastern parts of India. People, especially women roll their tongues and produce this sound during all Hindu temple rituals, festivals and celebrations. This is also an integral part of most weddings in these parts where, depending upon the local usages, women ululate to welcome the groom or bride or both. In Tamil it is known as 'Kulavai'. In Kerala, ululation is essential for all ceremonial occasions and the term used in Malayalam is Kurava. Bengalis and Oriyas call it Ulu-uli. Ululation is, also, used to some extent by south European women^[1]

In ancient times

In Ancient Egypt Reference to ululation appears on the inscription of the pyramid texts of Pepi I in the Spells for Entering the Akhet^[5]. In ancient Greece ululation or ololuge was normally used as a joyful expression^[6] to celebrate good news^[7] or when an animal's throat is cut during sacrifice^[8]. However, in Aeschylus' Agamemnon, along being an expression of joy, it is also used for fury^[7], and in Sophocles' Electra it is employed as an expression of grief^[6]. Homer mentions ololuge (ululation) in his works^[9][10]. Herodotus, too, mentions ululation in North Africa (where it is still practiced), saying:

I think for my part that the loud cries uttered in our sacred rites came also from thence; for the Libyan women are greatly given to such cries and utter them very sweetly.^[11]

Or in another translation:

I also think that the ololuge or cry of praise emitted during the worship of Athena started in Libya, because it is often employed by Libyan women, who do it extremely well^[12].

It should be noted that for the ancient Greeks Libya denoted a much larger expanse than nowadays Libya.

In popular culture

Ululation appears in many films set in the Middle East, such as Lawrence of Arabia and The Battle of Algiers. Sometimes it is depicted as a battle cry, for example in Xena: Warrior Princess. Even the animated feature GI Joe: The Movie featured the ululation "Cobra-la-la-la-la-la". It appears as comic relief in The Simpsons episodes "The Last Temptation of Homer" and "Midnight Rx"; as well as Family Guy in the episode "E. Peterbus Unum" where Stewie is curious about the sound Achmed "makes when you're about to assassinate an infidel". Finally, the word Ululation appears in the book Lord of the Flies^[13] as a way in which Sam and Eric could warn the other members of Jack's tribe of the coming beast or other intruders.

See Also

• Keening

References