Unearned income refers to income that is not a wage.
It includes interest, dividends or realized
capital gains from investments, rent from land or property ownership, and any other income
that does not derive from work.
Unearned income has often been treated differently for tax purposes than earned income, in order to redistribute income. Such a tax structure is most often seen implemented by a socialist government. For instance, income tax on high unearned incomes
reached 98% in the United Kingdom in 1979. Supporters of
this say that the people who obtained this income did not work to get it and that it should be used to benefit the general
population.
In more recent times the pendulum has swung the other way, and most western countries tax unearned income more favourably than
income from work.
Some economists claim that unearned income is compensation for deferring consumption, freeing up those resources to be
invested in improving the future, by funding research and development of new technologies and
services, capital equipment and education to improve the productivity of labor and so forth. This view also holds that unearned
income provides an incentive to save, and capital markets
facilitate allocation of resources to those enterprises which will provide the best economic benefit. Extra taxes on unearned
income can interfere with these mechanisms. This point of view also asserts that all income is ultimately earned, and ask why tax
should be higher on work that was done 100 years ago than work that is done today.
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