United States Department of Health and Human Services
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United States Department of Health and Human Services
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) was officially created by President Jimmy Carter in 1980, when the Department of Education was fashioned out of the education component of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. It traces its beginning to the establishment of the Federal Security Agency by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1939. The Federal Security Agency became the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW) in 1953 and then DHHS in 1980. In the 1990s, three major changes affected the DHHS: (1) on March 31, 1995, the Social Security Administration, with its more than 55,000 employees and $400 billion expenditures (in 1995) was established as an independent agency, with the commissioner of social security reporting to the president; (2) in 1995, the eight agencies of the U.S. Public Health Service were designated as operating divisions of DHHS, reporting to the secretary instead of reporting to the Assistant Secretary for Health (which they had done since 1968); and (3) in 1996, Congress terminated the federal Aid to Families With Dependent Children's Program (commonly called welfare) and replaced it with block grants to states that stressed work instead of a minimum guaranteed payment for poor mothers and their children, thus dramatically reducing the federal role in welfare policy. The result of these changes was to make DHHS a de facto department of health.
The USDHHS is led by the Secretary of Health and Human Services Staff Offices (e.g., general counsel, Assistant Secretaries for Health, for Legislation, for Planning and Evaluation, for Public Affairs, and for Management and Budget, Director of the Office of Civil Rights), an independent inspector general and twelve operating divisions:(1) Administration on Aging; (2) Administration for Children and Families; (3) Health Care Financing Administration (Medicare and Medicaid); (4) Program Support Center; and the eight divisions that together constitute the U.S. Public Health Service: (1) Agency for Health Care Quality and Research, (2) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, (3) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (4) Food and Drug Administration, (5) Health Resources and Services Administration, (6) Indian Health Service, (7) National Institutes of Health, and (8) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
In the year 2001, the expenditures by DHHS will exceed $400 billion, second only to the Social Security Administration. The largest expenditures will be for Medicare ($260 billion) and Medicaid ($123 billion), followed by the NIH ($20 billion), the Administration for Children and Families ($17 billion), to the smallest grant-in-aid programs ($29 million) of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The DHHS employs more than 50,000 individuals, mainly in the Indian Health Service and NIH.
The DHHS administers over 300 grant-in-aid programs, primarily to state and local governments for a variety of public health and social service programs, to universities for research, and to a range of nonprofit organizations and institutions (e.g., hospitals and community health centers).
The secretary's responsibilities include overseeing the hundreds of public health and social service programs, as well as Medicare and Medicaid. The secretary also oversees the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which is the federal government's primary public health regulatory agency. In addition, the secretary advises the president on a range of health and social services policies. When President Roosevelt initiated the Federal Security Act in 1939 it was his desire to unite all federal agencies "concerned with the promotion of social and economic security, educational opportunity and the health of the citizens of the nation." In the intervening years the DHEW included these functions and expanded rapidly in the 1960s, with the advent of President Johnson's great society programs. In the 1970s, environmental health programs were moved to the EPA; in the 1980s education and vocational rehabilitation programs moved to the newly created Department of Education; and in 1995 the Social Security Administration (the core of the Federal Security Agency) became an independent agency. Despite these changes, the DHHS remains the largest federal department and one of the most complex to lead and manage.
(SEE ALSO: Administration for Children and Families; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Food and Drug Administration; Health Care Financing Administration; Health Resources and Services Administration; National Institutes of Health; United States Public Health Service [USPHS])
Bibliography
Berkowitz, E. (1998). "Health and Human Services, Department of." In A Historical Guide to the U.S. Government, ed. G. T. Kurian. New York: Oxford University Press.
— PHILIP R. LEE,; ANNE M. PORZIG,; BRIAN P
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United States Department of Health and Human Services
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United States Department of Health and Human Services
Health and Human Services, United States Department of, federal executive department charged with administering government health programs. Successor to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, which had been created in 1953, it was redesignated in 1979 with the creation of the Department of Education. The secretary advises the President on health and welfare matters. The department has several components. The Administration for Children and Families is responsible for Operation Head Start, the enforcement of child support laws, and programs concerning adoption, job training, and runaway youths. The Public Health Service is divided into 42 subdivisions; it carries out research on disease and health concerns through the National Institutes of Health, protects consumers from adulterated or untested foods and drugs through the Food and Drug Administration, and implements public health measures and monitors the spread of infectious diseases through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration develops and analyzes information relating to the prevention and treatment of addictive and mental disorders. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services administers Medicare and Medicaid. The Social Security Administration, formerly part of the department, became an independent agency in 1995 (see social security). The Administration on Aging develops policy and programs to promote the welfare of older Americans and administers grants to states to establish community programs for them.
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United States Department of Health and Human Services
n.pr
USDHHS
A cabinet-level government organization comprising 12 agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control.
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United States Department of Health and Human Services
"HEW" redirects here. For the Hanford Engineer Works, see Hanford site.
"DHHS" redirects here. For Druid Hills High School, see Druid Hills High School.
| Department of Health and Human Services | |
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| HHS Logo | |
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| DHHS headquarters in Washington, D.C. an example of Brutalist architecture | |
| Department overview | |
| Formed | April 11, 1953 May 4, 1980 |
| Preceding Department | United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare |
| Jurisdiction | Federal government of the United States |
| Headquarters | Hubert H. Humphrey Building Washington, D.C. |
| Employees | 67,000 (2004) |
| Annual budget | $900,853 billion (2011)[1] |
| Department executives | Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary Bill Corr, Deputy Secretary |
| Child Department | HHS agencies |
| Website | |
| Official Website | |
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is a Cabinet department of the United States government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. Its motto is "Improving the health, safety, and well-being of America". Before the separate federal Department of Education was created in 1979, it was called the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW).
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History
President Harding proposed a Department of Education and Welfare as early as 1923, and similar proposals were also recommended by subsequent presidents, but for various reasons were not implemented.[2] It[clarification needed] was only enacted thirty years later as part of the authority, in which the president was allowed to create or reorganize bureaucracies as long as neither house of Congress passed a legislative veto. This power to create new departments was removed after 1962, and in the early 1980s the Supreme Court declared legislative vetoes unconstitutional.
The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was renamed the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in 1979,[3] when its education functions were transferred to the newly created United States Department of Education under the Department of Education Organization Act.[4] HHS was left in charge of the Social Security Administration, agencies constituting the Public Health Service, and Family Support Administration.
In 1995, the Social Security Administration was removed from the Department of Health and Human Services, and established as an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States Government.
HHS is administered by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, who is appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The United States Public Health Service (PHS) is the main division of the HHS and is led by the Assistant Secretary for Health. The current Secretary, Kathleen Sebelius is the Vice-Chair of the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness, and the Department of Health and Human Services is a member of the Council, which is dedicated to preventing and ending homelessness in America.
The United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the uniformed service of the PHS, is led by the Surgeon General who is responsible for addressing matters concerning public health as authorized by the Secretary or by the Assistant Secretary of Health in addition to his or her primary mission of administering the Commissioned Corps. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) investigates criminal activity for HHS. The special agents who work for OIG have the same title series "1811", training and authority as other federal criminal investigators, such as the FBI, ATF, DEA and Secret Service. However, OIG Special Agents have special skills in investigating white collar crime related to Medicare and Medicaid fraud and abuse. Organized crime has dominated the criminal activity relative to this type of fraud.
HHS-OIG investigates tens of millions of dollars in Medicare fraud each year. In addition, OIG will continue its coverage of all 50 States and the District of Columbia by its multi-agency task forces (PSOC Task Forces) that identify, investigate, and prosecute individuals who willfully avoid payment of their child support obligations under the Child Support Recovery Act.
HHS-OIG agents also provide protective services to the Secretary of HHS, and other department executives as necessary.
In 2002, the department released Healthy People 2010, a national strategic initiative for improving the health of Americans.
Strengthening Communities Fund
In June 2010 the Department of Health and Human Services created the strengthening communities fund as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment act. The fund was appropriated $50 million to be given as grants to organizations in the United States who were engaged in Capacity Building programs. The grants were given to two different types of capacity builders:[5]*State, Local and Tribal governments engaged in capacity building- grants will go to state local and tribal governments to equip them with the capacity to more effectively partner with faith-based or non-faith based nonprofit organizations. [6]
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- Capacity building in this program will involve education and outreach that catalyzes more involvement of nonprofit organizations in economic recovery
and building up nonprofit organization’s abilities to tackle economic problems. State, Local and Tribal governments can receive up to $250,000 in 2-year-grants
- Nonprofit Social Service Providers engaged in capacity building- they will make grants available to nonprofit organizations who can assist other nonprofit organizations in organizational development, program development, leadership, and evaluations. Nonprofits can receive up to $1 million in 2-year-grants
Agencies[7]
Office of the Secretary (OS)
- Immediate Office of the Secretary (IOS) - currently led by Kathleen Sebelius
- Office of the Deputy Secretary (DS) - currently led by Deputy Secretary Bill Corr
- Assistant Secretary for Administration (ASA)- currently led by Ned Holland
- Office of Human Resources (OHR) - currently led by Denise Wells
- Program Support Center (PSC) - currently led by Director Paul Bartley
- Assistant Secretary for Legislation (ASL)
- Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE)
- Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) - currently led by Dr. Nicole Lurie
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)
- Project BioShield
- Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE)
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)
- Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (ASPA)
- Assistant Secretary for Finance and Resources (ASFR)- currently led by Ellen Murray
- Departmental Appeals Board (DAB) - currently led by Constance Tobias
- Office for Civil Rights (OCR) - currently led by Georgina Verdugo
- Office of Global Health Affairs (OGHA) - currently led by Nils Daulaire
- Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (IGA)
- Office of the Secretary's Regional Directors
- Office of the General Counsel (OGC)
- Office of Inspector General (OIG) - currently led by Inspector General Daniel R. Levinson
- Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals (OMHA) - currently led by Judge Nancy Griswold
- Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) - currently led by Farzad Mostashari
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health (OASH)[8] - currently led by Assistant Secretary, Howard K. Koh
- Public Health Service (PHS)
- Office of Public Health and Science (OPHS)
- Office of the Surgeon General - currently led by Surgeon General, Vice Admiral Regina Benjamin
- Public Health Service (PHS)
- Office on Disability (OD) - currently led by Director Henry Claypool
- Center for Faith-based and Community Initiatives (CFBCI) - currently led by Director Alexia Kelley
Operating divisions
- Administration for Children and Families (ACF) - currently led by Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary David Hansell
- Administration on Aging (AoA) - currently led by Assistant Secretary Kathy Greenlee
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) - currently led by Director Carolyn Clancy
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) - currently led by Administrator Thomas R. Frieden
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - currently led by Director Thomas R. Frieden
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)- currently led by Administrator Marilyn Tavenner
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - currently led by Commissioner Margaret Hamburg
- Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) - currently led by Administrator Mary Wakefield
- Indian Health Service (IHS) - currently led by Director, Dr. Yvette Roubideaux
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) - currently led by Director Francis Collins
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) - currently led by Administrator Pamela S. Hyde
(Several agencies within HHS are components of the Public Health Service (PHS), including AHRQ, ASPR, ATSDR, CDC, FDA, HRSA, IHS, NIH, SAMHSA, OGHA, and OPHS).[9]
Former operating divisions and agencies
- Social Security Administration, made independent in 1995.
- Health Care Financing Administration, renamed to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Budget
The Department of Health and Human Services' budget includes more than 300 programs, covering a wide spectrum of activities. Some highlights include:
- Health and social science research
- Preventing disease, including immunization services
- Assuring food and drug safety
- Medicare (health insurance for elderly and disabled Americans) and Medicaid (health insurance for low-income people)
- Health information technology
- Financial assistance and services for low-income families
- Improving maternal and infant health, including a Nurse Home Visitation to support first-time mothers.
- Head Start (pre-school education and services)
- Faith-based and community initiatives
- Preventing child abuse and domestic violence
- Substance abuse treatment and prevention
- Services for older Americans, including home-delivered meals
- Comprehensive health services for Native Americans
- Medical preparedness for emergencies, including potential terrorism.
Health care reform
The 2010 United States federal budget establishes a reserve fund of more than $630 billion over 10 years to finance fundamental reform of the health care system. [10]
Related legislation
- 1946 - Hospital Survey and Construction Act (Hill-Burton Act) PL 79-725
- 1949 - Hospital Construction Act PL 81-380
- 1950 - Public Health Services Act Amendments PL 81-692
- 1955 - Poliomyelitis Vaccination Assistance Act PL 84-377
- 1956 - Health Research Facilities Act PL 84-835
- 1960 - Social Security Amendments (Kerr-Mill aid) PL 86-778
- 1961 - Community Health Services and Facilities Act PL 87-395
- 1962 - Public Health Service Act PL 87-838
- 1962 - Vaccination Assistance PL 87-868
- 1963 - Mental Retardation Facilities Construction Act/Community Mental Health Centers Act PL 88-164
- 1964 - Nurse Training Act PL 88-581
- 1965 - Community Health Services and Facilities Act PL 89-109
- 1965 - Medicare PL 89-97
- 1965 - Mental Health Centers Act Amendments PL 89-105
- 1965 - Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments PL 89-239
- 1966 - Comprehensive Health Planning and Service Act PL 89-749
- 1970 - Community Mental Health Service Act PL 91-211
- 1970 - Family Planning Services and Population Research Act PL 91-572
- 1970 - Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act PL 91-695
- 1971 - National Cancer Act PL 92-218
- 1974 - Research on Aging Act PL 93-296
- 1974 - National Health Planning and Resources Development Act PL 93-641
- 1979 - Department of Education Organization Act (removed education functions) PL 96-88
- 1987 - Department of Transportation Appropriations Act PL 100-202
- 1988 - Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act PL 100-360
- 1989 - Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act PL 101-164
- 1996 - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act PL 104-191
- 2000 - Child Abuse Reform and Enforcement Act P.L. 106-177
- 2010 - Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act PL 111-148
See also
- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
- Down payment
- Early Head Start
- Global Health Security Initiative
- Head Start
- Health information technology
- Health professional
- Healthy People 2010
- Human experimentation in the United States
- Rural health
- William R. Steiger
- Unemployed
- Witness Justice
- Zero to Five plan
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: United States Department of Health and Human Services |
- United States Department of Health and Human Services Official Website
- Department Of Health And Human Services Meeting Notices and Rule Changes from The Federal Register RSS Feed
- Proposed and finalized federal regulations from the United States Department of Health and Human Services
- Oral History Interview with David Breneman, aide to HEW General Counsel, Peter Libassi, in the late '70s from Oral Histories of the American South
- Program Support Center Official Website
- Public Health Emergency (PHE.gov)
- United States Department of Health and Human Services at WhoRunsGov at The Washington Post
References
- ^ whitehouse.gov
- ^ Eisenhower, Dwight (1953-03-12). "Special Message to the Congress Transmitting Reorganization Plan of 1953 Creating the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare". http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=9794. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives, Title 20, Section 3508
- ^ Full text of the Department of Education Organization Act, P.L. 96-88
- ^ "Strengthening communities fund". http://www.hhs.gov/recovery/programs/scf/index.html.
- ^ "American Recovery and Reinvestment Act". HHS. http://www.hhs.gov/recovery/reports/plans/pdf20100610/ACF%20SCF%20June%202010.pdf.
- ^ HHS.gov
- ^ HHS.gov
- ^ HHS.gov
- ^ WhiteHouse.gov
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Coordinates: 38°53′12″N 77°00′52″W / 38.88667°N 77.01444°W
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Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Encyclopedia of Public Health. Copyright © 2002 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Columbia Encyclopedia
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.
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Mosby's Dental Dictionary
Mosby's Dental Dictionary. Copyright © 2004 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
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