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Although these parties were related only in name, their supporters were similar in their liberalism and their dissatisfaction with the Republicans and Democrats.
In 1912, Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin led a movement of voters opposed to the reelection of Republican president William Howard Taft. Theodore Roosevelt also opposed Taft but failed to defeat him at the party's convention. Most Progressives then abandoned La Follette for the popular ex-president, who won the new party's nomination. Roosevelt received more than a quarter of the popular vote and 88 electoral votes to 435 for Democrat Woodrow Wilson and 8 for Taft. In 1916, Republican Progressives returned to their old party and generally supported the presidential nominee, Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes.
La Follette finally had his chance in 1924, when he led a revolt of Republicans unhappy with stand-pat president Calvin Coolidge and Democratic nominee John W. Davis of South Carolina. This Progressive party won one-sixth of the popular vote and 13 electoral votes but was swamped by Coolidge.
The 1948 Progressive party nominated Henry A. Wallace, who had been Franklin D. Roosevelt's agriculture secretary and third-term vice president and President Harry S. Truman's commerce secretary. Wallace resented Truman's assumption of the New Deal mantle and objected to his anti-Soviet policies. In the election he faced Truman, Republican Thomas Dewey, and Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond, who had bolted the Democratic party because of its liberal civil rights policy. Wallace won only 2 percent of the popular vote and no electoral votes, as Truman won reelection.
See also Elections: 1912 , 1924 , 1948; La Follette, Robert M.; Roosevelt, Theodore.
| Columbia Encyclopedia: Progressive party |
Election of 1912
Republican insurgents dissatisfied with the conservative administration of President William Howard Taft formed (Jan., 1911) the National Progressive Republican League. Senator Robert M. La Follette was their choice for the Republican presidential nomination in 1912 until former President Theodore Roosevelt, at odds with his old friend Taft for various personal and political reasons, threw his "hat into the ring" (Feb. 24, 1912). The regular Republicans, however, controlled the national convention at Chicago (June) and renominated Taft, whereupon the Roosevelt supporters organized the new Progressive party (the Bull Moose party) and nominated, also at Chicago (August), Roosevelt for President and Hiram W. Johnson for Vice President. The Progressive platform called for the direct election of U.S. Senators, the initiative, referendum, and recall, woman suffrage, reduction of the tariff, and many social reforms. As a result of the split in Republican ranks, Woodrow Wilson, the Democratic candidate, won, but Roosevelt, who received 88 electoral votes and over 4 million popular votes, fared better than Taft. The party maintained its organization until 1916, when, after Roosevelt declined another nomination, most Progressives supported the Republican presidential candidate, Charles Evans Hughes.
Bibliography
See B. P. De Witt, The Progressive Movement (1915, repr. 1968); G. E. Mowry, Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement (1946, repr. 1960); A. R. E. Pinchot, History of the Progressive Party, 1912-1916, ed. by H. M. Hooker (1958); J. A. Gable, The Bullmoose Years: Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Party (1978).
Election of 1924
The success of the Conference for Progressive Political Action, sponsored by the railroad brotherhoods, in the congressional elections of 1922 led to the nomination at Cleveland in 1924 of another Progressive party ticket, with La Follette for President and Burton K. Wheeler for Vice President. La Follette's program, supported by the American Federation of Labor, the Socialist and Farmer-Labor parties, and most other non-Communist left-wing groups, called for public control and conservation of natural resources, abolition of child labor, recognition of the right of labor to organize and bargain collectively, and the breakup of monopolies. In the Republican landslide that followed, La Follette won only the 13 electoral votes of Wisconsin, but polled nearly 5 million popular votes. Under La Follette's sons, Robert M., Jr., and Philip F., the Progressives continued strong in Wisconsin until 1938, when they were defeated by the Republicans. In 1946 the Wisconsin party dissolved itself and joined the Republicans.
Bibliography
See K. C. MacKay, The Progressive Movement of 1924 (1947, repr. 1966).
Election of 1948
At Philadelphia in July, 1948, a new third party, organized as a challenge to the Democratic party, adopted the name Progressive and nominated Henry A. Wallace for President and Senator Glen H. Taylor for Vice President. Endorsed by the Communist party and by the American Labor party of New York state, the Progressive party accused the Truman administration of failing to cooperate with the Soviet Union to end the cold war and advocated repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act and reestablishment of wartime price controls. Its candidates won no electoral votes and only slightly more than 1 million popular votes as Truman defeated Thomas E. Dewey, the Republican candidate, by a close margin.
Bibliography
See K. M. Schmidt, Henry A. Wallace: Quixotic Crusade, 1948 (1961); C. D. MacDougall, Gideon's Army (3 vol., 1965). See also bibliography under progressivism.
| Wikipedia: Progressive Party (Iceland) |
| Progressive Party Framsóknarflokkurinn |
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| Chairperson | Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson |
| Vice chairperson | Birkir Jón Jónsson |
| Founded | 1916 |
| Headquarters | Hverfisgata 33 101 Reykjavík |
| Ideology | Liberalism, Agrarianism, Centrism |
| International affiliation | Liberal International |
| European affiliation | None |
| Official colours | Green |
| Seats in the Althing |  |
| Website | |
| http://www.framsokn.is/ | |
| Politics of Iceland Political parties Elections |
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| Iceland |
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The Progressive Party (Icelandic: Framsóknarflokkurinn) is an agrarian, liberal and centrist party in Iceland. The party is a member of the Liberal International. Current chairman of the party is Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson. He was elected on January 18, 2009. His predecessor was Valgerður Sverrisdóttir, who only served as chairman for two months. Her predecessor, Guðni Ágústsson, who, as a vice-chairman became chairman when the previous chairman, Jón Sigurðsson, resigned after the Progressive Party suffered great losses in the 2007 election. Jón's predecessor as party leader was Halldór Ásgrímsson, chairman 1994-2006. Halldór was Prime Minister of Iceland 2004-2006.
The party had been in a government coalition partner to the conservative Independence Party in the period 1995-2007. From 1995 to 2004, it participated in the coalition as the junior partner under the premiership of Independence Party leader Davíð Oddsson, but the two parties agreed after the 2003 legislative elections that Halldór would become Prime Minister in September 2004. He took office on September 15, but later announced his intention to resign on June 5, 2006 following the party's poor results in the 2006 municipal elections. The coalition remained allied with the Independence Party chairman, Geir H. Haarde, as Prime Minister. The Progressive Party leader Jón Sigurðsson was minister of Industry and Commerce, until a coalition of the Independence Party and the Alliance took over after the elections in 2007.
Though the Progressive Party was originally founded as an agrarian party and still finds most of its support from farmers and fishermen, it has gradually adopted the position of a liberal party in the political spectrum. It was founded in 1916 as a merger of two agrarian parties, the Farmers' Party (Bændaflokkur) and the Independent Farmers (Óháðir bændur).
Throughout Iceland's history as a self-governing and independent nation, the Progressive Party has most often been the second largest political party in the country. It has often joined government coalitions with either the Independence Party on the right, or with left-wing parties.
In January 2009, it decided to change its party line on joining the European Union from being opposed to being in favour of EU accession.[1]
In the 2007 elections, the party dropped five seats, down from twelve. The coalition only held a one-seat majority in the Althing, and the Independence Party formed a government with the Social Democratic Alliance with the deal being signed on May 22, returning the Progressive Party to the opposition. When a left-wing minority government was formed in February 2009, in the wake of the Icelandic financial crisis, the Progressive Party agreed to defend it from a no-confidence vote, but did not form part of the governing coalition.[2]
In the 2009 elections, the Progressive Party fared somewhat better, securing 14.8% of the vote, and increasing its number of seats from seven to nine. It remained in opposition, however, with a coalition of the Social Democratic Alliance and the Left-Green Movement continuing to govern with an increased majority.[3]
6 of its 12 chairmen have been prime ministers of Iceland:
In addition to those, Steingrímur Steinþórsson headed a government from 1950 to 1953.
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