(b Hailar, Manchuria, 3 Nov 1911; d New York, 4 Jan 1990). American composer. He arrived in the USA in 1931 and studied at the Eastman School, then moved to Columbia, first as a student and later as lecturer. In 1951, with Luening, he began composing electronic pieces ( Of Wood and Brass, 1965), notable for their flexible and skilful treatment of sound sources; but he also produced choral music in a style indebted to his Russian Orthodox heritage.




