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vault

 
Dictionary: vault1   (vôlt) pronunciation
n.
    1. An arched structure, usually of masonry or concrete, serving to cover a space.
    2. An arched overhead covering, such as the sky, that resembles the architectural structure in form.
  1. A room or space, such as a cellar or storeroom, with arched walls and ceiling, especially when underground.
  2. A room or compartment, often built of steel, for the safekeeping of valuables: a bank vault.
  3. A burial chamber, especially when underground.
  4. Anatomy. An arched part of the body, especially the top part of the skull.
tr.v., vault·ed, vault·ing, vaults.
  1. To construct or supply with an arched ceiling; cover with a vault.
  2. To build or make in the shape of a vault; arch.

[Middle English vaute, from Old French, from Vulgar Latin *volvita, volta, from feminine of *volvitus, arched, alteration of Latin volūtus, past participle of volvere, to roll.]


vault2 (vôlt) pronunciation

v., vault·ed, vault·ing, vaults.

v.tr.
To jump or leap over, especially with the aid of a support such as the hands or a pole.

v.intr.
  1. To jump or leap, especially with the use of the hands or a pole.
  2. To accomplish something as if by leaping suddenly or vigorously: vaulted into a position of wealth.
n.
The act of vaulting; a jump.

[Obsolete French volter, from Old French, from Old Italian voltare, from Vulgar Latin *volvitāre, frequentative of Latin volvere, to turn, roll.]

vaulter vault'er n.

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Four common types of vault. A barrel vault (also called a cradle vault, tunnel vault, or wagon …
(click to enlarge)
Four common types of vault. A barrel vault (also called a cradle vault, tunnel vault, or wagon … (credit: © Merriam-Webster Inc.)
In building construction, an arched structure forming a ceiling or roof. The masonry vault exerts the same kind of thrust as the arch, and must be supported along its entire length by heavy walls with limited openings. The basic barrel vault, in effect a continuous series of arches, first appeared in ancient Egypt and the Middle East. Roman architects discovered that two barrel vaults intersecting at right angles (a groin vault) could, when repeated in series, span rectangular areas of unlimited length. Because the groin vault's thrusts are concentrated at the four corners, its supporting walls need not be massive. Medieval European builders developed the rib vault, a skeleton of arches or ribs on which the masonry could be laid. The fan vault, popular in the English Perpendicular style, used fan-shaped clusters of tracery-like ribs springing from pendants or columns. The 19th century saw the use of large iron skeletons as frameworks for vaults of lightweight materials (see Crystal Palace). An important modern innovation is the reinforced-concrete shell vault, which, if its length is three or more times its transverse section, behaves as a deep beam and exerts no lateral thrust.

For more information on vault, visit Britannica.com.

Armored storage facility meeting minimum security standards set by the Federal Reserve Board (Regulation P). It is used for storage or safekeeping of customer valuables in Safe Deposit Boxes a bank's portfolio of investment grade securities, such as Treasury Bonds, and cash balances (Vault Cash) sufficient to meet daily cash needs.

Thesaurus: vault1
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noun

    A burial place or receptacle for human remains: catacomb, cinerarium, crypt, grave1, mausoleum, ossuary, sepulcher, sepulture, tomb. See keep/release, place.
vault2

verb

    To move off the ground by a muscular effort of the legs and feet: hurdle, jump, leap, spring. See move/halt, rise/fall.

noun

    The act of jumping: jump, leap, spring. See move/halt, rise/fall.

Dental Dictionary: vault
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n

1. an anatomic part resembling an arched roof or dome, such as the vault of a denture. n 2. a cavity or specially prepared area within the jawbone for placement of an implant magnet.

Architecture: vault
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1. A structure based on the principle of the arch, often constructed of masonry; typically consists of an arrangement of arches that cover the space below; also see barrel vault, cradle vault, cylindrical vault, fan vault, groined vault, lierne vault, rampant vault, ribbed vault, segmental vault, sidewalk vault, stilted vault, tunnel vault, wagon vault, Welsh vault.
2. A burial chamber, especially one under a church.
3. An underground chamber especially designed for maintaining electrical equipment.
4. A room for the safekeeping of valuables.

vault: 1, barrel vault; 2, intersecting vault; 3, domed vault;4, stilted vault



[Co]

A form of roofing in stone or brick using the principle of gravity to lock the materials together. The barrel vault is continuous and of semi-circular section, whilst in the rib vaulted roof the weight of the roof itself is carried by structural elements known as ribs.

 
vault, ceiling over a room, formed in any one of a variety of curved shapes.

Nature of Vaults

A vault is generally composed of separate units of material, such as bricks, tiles, or blocks of stone, so shaped or cut that when assembled they form a tightly wedged and stable construction whose weight can be concentrated upon the proper supports. Vaults are also formed in a homogeneous material, as when built in concrete. In modern work ceilings in the form of masonry vaults are often merely of plaster applied against a curved framework of wood or metal. Since antiquity vault surfaces have been enriched at various times in diverse ways-with coffers, carvings, plaster decorations, mosaics, or frescoes.

Engineering Considerations

Vaults constructed of numerous blocks of material pressing against one another exert not only the accumulated downward weight of the material and of any superimposed load but also a side thrust or tendency to spread. To avoid collapse, adequate resistance against this thrust must thus be concentrated at the haunches (lower portions) of the vault. The resistance may take the form of thickened walls at the haunches; of buttresses placed at points of concentrated thrust as in Romanesque and Gothic architecture; or of vaults so placed that their thrusts oppose and counteract. This necessity has controlled the evolution of masonry vaulting and its use in buildings.

History of Vaults

The Ancient World

In ancient Egypt brick vaulting was used, chiefly for drains. The Chaldaeans and Assyrians used vaults for the same purpose but seem also to have made architectural use of high domes and barrel vaults. The Greeks made no use of vaults.

Roman and Romanesque Styles

The vaulting technique of the Etruscans was absorbed by the Romans, who started in the 1st cent. A.D. the development of a mature vaulting system. Casting concrete in one solid mass, the Romans created vaults of perfect rigidity, devoid of external thrust, and requiring no buttresses. Thus vaults and domes could be easily erected over vast spaces, producing impressive and complex thermae, amphitheaters, and basilicas.

Roman vaults were the basis on which more complex and varied forms were developed in the Middle Ages. The tunnel (or barrel) vault spans between two walls, like a continuous arch. The cross, or groined, vault is formed by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults, producing a surface that has arched openings for its four sides and concentration of load at the four corner points of the square or rectangle. The semicircular arch was universally employed in Romanesque vaulting throughout Europe, and the Roman cross vault was the type used for covering square or rectangular compartments.

Gothic Vaulting

Ribs to strengthen the groins and sides of a cross vault were first employed in the Church of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan (11th cent.). When the system of using ribs to form a complete organic supporting skeleton was developed, it became one of the basic principles of perfected Gothic architecture. The use of ribs led to increasing complexity, beginning in the 12th cent., in vault forms.

The pointed arch, which was dominant in medieval architecture from the 13th cent. onward, helped to overcome the difficulties of vaulting oblong compartments exclusively with semicircular sections and to bring the various ribs of unequal spans to a crown at the same height. Some vaulting compartments or bays were divided by ribs into six segments and were known as sexpartite vaults, but the four-part vault generally prevailed. In England the multiplication of ribs for structural and decorative purposes culminated in the 15th cent. in the elaborate fan vault of the Perpendicular style.

Renaissance and Later Vaulting

The architects of the Renaissance and baroque periods abandoned Gothic methods and returned to Roman vault forms. New devices were added to these basic forms, including barrel vaults of semi-elliptical section, domes mounted on drums, and cross vaults with groins of elliptical section. In modern times reinforced concrete produces lightweight vaults devoid of thrust.

Bibliography

See J. Fitchen, The Construction of Gothic Cathedrals (1961).


Word Tutor: vault
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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: An arched ceiling or roof. Also: A room for keeping money or valuable papers safe.

pronunciation Give me all of the money in the vault, or I'm marking down everything in the store. — Steven Wright.

Dream Symbol: Vault
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A vault in a dream is an indication of wealth and success. This could be an indication of prosperity, the fulfillment of one's creative urges, or a future of great happiness.


Translations: Vault
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Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - hvælving, gravhvælving, boks, boksafdeling
v. tr. - bygge hvælving over

2.
v. intr. - springe med støtte af hænderne
v. tr. - springe over
n. - spring

idioms:

  • vaulting horse    springhest

Nederlands (Dutch)
springen (over) (m.n. met stok/handen), zich welven, voorzien van gewelf, sprong, (graf) kelder, gewelf, onderaards gewelf, brandkluis, doodskist

Français (French)
1.
n. - voûte, cave, caveau, chambre forte, salle des coffres, (Anat) voûte, saut
v. tr. - construire (un bâtiment ou une pièce) avec un toit en voûte

2.
v. intr. - (gén, Sport) sauter (par-dessus)
v. tr. - (gén, Sport) sauter par dessus
n. - saut

idioms:

  • vaulting horse    cheval de saut

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Gewölbe, Gewölbekeller, Gruft, Tresor
v. - (sich) wölben

2.
v. - (über)springen
n. - Sprung

idioms:

  • vaulting horse    Sprungpferd

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - θόλος, καμάρα, υπόγειος χώρος, θολωτός τάφος, άλμα, κελάρι, υπόγειο, χώρος φύλαξης πολύτιμων αντικειμένων, (ουράνιος) θόλος, θησαυροφυλάκιο (τράπεζας κ.λπ.)
v. - κάνω άλμα, πηδώ, υπερπηδώ, κάνω άλμα επί κοντώ

idioms:

  • vaulting horse    εφαλτήριο

Italiano (Italian)
volteggiare, balzare, saltare, volteggio, volta, cantina, cripta, camera blindata

idioms:

  • vaulting horse    (ginn.) cavallo

Português (Portuguese)
n. - abóbada (f) (Arquit.), câmara mortuária (f)
v. - abobadar

idioms:

  • vaulting horse    cavalo de pau (Desp.)

Русский (Russian)
свод, подвал, прыжок, покрывать сводом, изгибаться, перепрыгивать

idioms:

  • vaulting horse    конь (гимнастический снаряд)

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - bóveda, sótano, cámara acorazada, cueva, bodega
v. tr. - abovedar

2.
v. intr. - saltar
v. tr. - saltar con garrocha o apoyándose con las manos
n. - salto, salto con garrocha o con pértiga, acto de salto

idioms:

  • vaulting horse    potro de madera, caballo de salto

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - valv, källare, hopp
v. - välva (sig), hoppa (över)

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
1. 拱顶, 做成圆拱形

idioms:

  • vaulting horse    鞍马

2. 撑竿跳跃, 成穹状弯曲, 跳跃, 窖, 撑竿跳, 地下室

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
1.
v. tr. - 撐竿跳躍
v. intr. - 成穹狀彎曲, 跳躍
n. - 窖, 撐竿跳, 地下室

2.
n. - 拱頂
v. tr. - 做成圓拱形

idioms:

  • vaulting horse    鞍馬

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 둥근 천장, 지하 저장실, 돔꼴의 동굴
v. tr. - 둥근 천장으로 만들다, ~을 둥근 천장으로 덮다

2.
v. intr. - 뛰다, 도약하다
v. tr. - ~위를 뛰어넘다
n. - 도약

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - アーチ型天井, 地下貯蔵室, 地下室, 地下埋葬室, 金庫室, 飛び越えること, ボールト
v. - 丸天井にする, 飛び越える, 飛び上がる

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) قبو, عقد, قنطرة, قفزة, وثبه (فعل) قبب, عقد, قفز, وثب‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮קשת, כיפה, תקרת-קמרונות, חדר-כספות, קבר, מרתף לאחסון או לקבורה מתחת לרצפת כנסיה או בבית-קברות‬
v. tr. - ‮בנה כיפה (או כיפות) מעל חדר או בניין‬
v. intr. - ‮קפץ בתמיכת הידיים, קפץ במוט‬
v. tr. - ‮קפץ מעל‬
n. - ‮קפיצה, קפיצת-מוט‬


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Some good "vault" pages on the web:


Math
mathworld.wolfram.com
 
 
 
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voussure (architecture)
wagon vault
cloistered vault

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