Vesicoureteral reflux causes damage to the kidneys in two ways:

Vesicoureteral relfux is the abnormal movement of urine into the urteres or kidneys, this is the reverse way in which it should be travelling. This can cause painful urination.

Uretal or vesicoureteral reflux is when the urine moves backward from the bladder into the ureters or kidneys. Usually, people are born this way.

VUR alone does not usually cause symptoms. Symptoms develop when an infection has set in.

Treatment depends on the grade that is diagnosed. In grades I and II, the usual treatment involves long-term use of a small daily dose of antibiotics