Virchow's node

Lymph: Virchow's node
Regional lymph tissue. (Supraclavicular near top, in green.)⋅
Deep Lymph Nodes 1. Submental 2. Submandibular (Submaxillary) Anterior Cervical Lymph Nodes (Deep) 3. Prelaryngeal 4. Thyroid 5. Pretracheal 6. Paratracheal Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes 7. Lateral jugular 8. Anterior jugular 9. Jugulodigastric Inferior Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes 10. Juguloomohyoid 11. Supraclavicular (scalene)
Gray's	subject #177 697

In medicine (oncology), Virchow's node (or signal node) is an enlarged, hard, left supraclavicular lymph node which can contain metastasis of visceral (abdominal) malignancy.

Clinical significance

Malignancies of the internal organs can reach an advanced stage before giving symptoms. Stomach cancer, for example, can remain symptomless while metastatizing. One of the first visible spots where these tumors metastatise is the left supraclavicular lymph node. The left supraclavicular node is the classical Virchow's node because it is on the left side of the neck where the lymphatic drainage of most of the body (from the thoracic duct) enters the venous circulation via the left subclavian vein.The metastasis blocks the thoracic duct leading to regurgitation into the surrounding nodes ie. virchow's node

Differential diagnosis of an enlarged Virchow's node includes lymphoma, various intra-abdominal malignancies, breast cancer, and infection (e.g. of the arm). Similarly, an enlarged right supraclavicular lymph node tends to drain thoracic malignancies such as lung and esophageal cancer, as well as Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Eponym

It is named after Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902), the German pathologist who first described the association. The presence of an enlarged Virchow's node is also referred to as Troisier's sign, named after Charles Emile Troisier, who also described this.

Because an enlarged Virchow's node is often a harbinger of malignant disease, it is sometimes called the sentinel node. This needs to be contrasted with the technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy. It should also not be confused with the 'sentinel gland' of the greater omentum.^[1]

Additional images

Superficial lymph glands and lymphatic vessels of head and neck.

References

1. ^ sentinel+gland at eMedicine Dictionary

External links

• synd/1222 at Who Named It?
• 1973026851 at GPnotebook
• Mizutani M, Nawata S, Hirai I, Murakami G, Kimura W (2005). "Anatomy and histology of Virchow's node". Anat Sci Int 80 (4): 193–8. doi:10.1111/j.1447-073X.2005.00114.x. PMID 16333915. 

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