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Ordinary is when you can physically stand on this said ground. Virtual ground occurs when the ground is virtually the same between two disagreeing parties. EX: I like cake and you like cake. That is virtual ground in an argument. Whereas, a disagreement would be an atheist going to Church. However that's a paradox...

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Ordinary is when you can physically stand on this said ground. Virtual ground occurs when the ground is virtually the same between two disagreeing parties. EX: I like cake and you like cake. That is virtual ground in an argument. Whereas, a disagreement would be an atheist going to Church. However that's a paradox...

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An op amp must remain in its active region for virtual ground to be preserved.

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The main parameter responsible for virtual ground of an Op-Amp is Input Impedance . Generally , for an Op-Amp it is very high .

So , we can conclude that the characteristics of an Op-Amp responsible for virtual ground is high input impedance .

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VIRTUAL GROUND:-

1]If the non-inverting (+) terminal of OP-AMP is connected to ground, then due to the "virtual short" existing between the two input terminals, the inverting (-) terminal also be at ground potential. hence it is said to be as "virtual ground".

2]similarly if the inverting (-) terminal is connected to ground, then the non- inverting (+) terminal will be at "virtual ground" potential.

3]The concept of virtual ground has been used extensively for amplifier analysis, specially we use this concept in the inverting amplifier.

VIRTUAL SHORT:-

1] The input impedance (Ri) of an OP-AMP is ideally infinite. Hence current "I" flowing from one input terminal to the other will be zero.

2] Thus the voltage drop across Ri will be zero and both input terminals will be at the same potential. In other words they are virtually shorted to each other.

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If no current flows between two points. ONE point is grounded then other point is said to be virtually grounded. THIS is called principle of virtual ground.

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