In astronomy, voids are the empty spaces between filaments, the largest-scale structures in the Universe, that contain very few, or no, galaxies. Voids typically have a diameter of 11 to 150 Mpc; particularly large voids, defined by the absence of rich superclusters, are sometimes called supervoids. Voids located in high-density environments are smaller than voids situated in low-density spaces of the universe.[1]
Contents |
List of voids
Main article: List of voids
The following is a list of voids with convenient names, for more voids, see List of voids.
| Name | Coordinates of the centre |
Distance to the centre |
Dimensions | Data | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Local Void | 18h 38m +18° | cz=2500km/s | Diameter = 60 Mpc | [2] | |
| Northern Local Supervoid | 61Mpc | Diameter = 104 Mpc | Virgo Supercluster, Coma Supercluster, Perseus-Pisces Supercluster, Ursa Major-Lynx Supercluster, Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, Sculptor Supercluster, Pavo-Corona Australes Supercluster form a sheet between the Northern Local Supervoid and the Southern Local Supervoid. [3] The Hercules Supercluster separates the Northern Local Void from the Bootes Void. [3] The Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and Pegasus Supercluster form a sheet separate the Northern Local Void and Southern Local Void from the Pegasus Void. [3] | ||
| Southern Local Supervoid | 96Mpc | Diameter = 112 Mpc | Virgo Supercluster, Coma Supercluster, Perseus-Pisces Supercluster, Ursa Major-Lynx Supercluster, Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, Sculptor Supercluster, Pavo-Corona Australes Supercluster form a sheet between the Northern Local Supervoid and the Southern Local Supervoid. [3] The Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and Pegasus Supercluster form a sheet separate the Northern Local Void and Southern Local Void from the Pegasus Void. [3] | ||
| Giant Void | 13h 01m +38.7° | z=0.116 | Diameter = 300-400 Mpc | "Giant Void in NGH" or "AR-Lp 36" ; NGH stands for "Northern Galactic Hemisphere" ; discovered in 1988 [4] It is the largest void in the NGH where z<0.14 [5] | |
| Bootes Void (Great Void) |
14h 20m 26° | 150Mpc | Diameter = 100 Mpc | The Hercules Supercluster separates the Northern Local Void from the Bootes Void. [3] The Hercules Supercluster thus forms part of the near edge of the Bootes Void. [6] | |
| Canis Major Void | |||||
| Capricornus Void | 400Mpc | Diameter = 230 Mpc | |||
| Columba Void | |||||
| Coma Void | Discovered in 1975, along with the Coma Supercluster, it lies in front of the Coma Cluster. [7] It was the first void to be discovered, and is approximtely 1/3 as far away as the much larger Bootes Void. [8] | ||||
| Corona Borealis Void | |||||
| Eridanus Void | This void is separated from the Sculptor void by a sheet of galaxies. [9] | ||||
| Eridanus Supervoid (Great Void) |
03h 15m 05s −19° 35′ 02″ | z=1 | Diameter = 150 Mpc | The claimed Eridanus Supervoid or "Great Void", reported on 24 August 2007 by the NRAO from Very Large Array Sky Survey data.[10] This void, if real, would be much larger than the others listed here, being about 300/h Mpc in diameter and 1800–3000/h Mpc distant (where h is the Hubble constant).
The evidence for such a "Great Void" is disputed by Smith and Huterer.[11] They showed that the claims made of observational evidence for such a void from survey data neglected systematic effects, and did not account for a posteriori choices made in analyzing data. |
|
| Southern Eridanus Void | The Southern Eridanus void is connected to the Eridanus void by a hole in the distribution of galaxies separating the two. A hole in the distribution of galaxies separating Sculptor and Southern Eridanus voids the size of (redshift) 1250km/s appears to exist. [9] | ||||
| Fornax Void | |||||
| Hercules Void | 15.5h +30° | cz=7000km/s | Diameter = 3100 km/s | [12] discovered in 1979 [13] [6] | |
| Hydra Void | The Hydra Void lies beyond the Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster [14] | ||||
| Leo Void | 11h 30m 0° | cz=4000km/s | [14] | ||
| Microscopium Void | A hole in the distribution of galaxies separating Sculptor and Microscopium voids the size of (redshift) 1250km/s appears to exist. This is roughly 1/2 of Microscopium's diameter. [9] | ||||
| Ophiucus Void | near 17h -25° | less than 5000 km/s (the outer limit) | perhaps 0-5000 km/s | 25% of average universe density is the void density of matter | The far end of this void is defined by the Ophiucus Supercluster [15] |
| Pegasus Void | 22h +15° | cz=5500km/s | Diameter = 40 Mpc | [16] The Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and Pegasus Supercluster form a sheet separate the Northern Local Void and Southern Local Void from the Pegasus Void. [3] | |
| Perseus-Pisces Void | 1h +10° | cz=8000km/s | Diameter = 3000 km/s | Discovered in 1980 [13], it is also called the Perseus Void | |
| Sagittarius Void | |||||
| Sculptor Void | 23h 48m -24° 39′ | Diameter = 34.8 Mpc/h | Corresponds to SRSS1 Void 3 and SRSS2 Void 5 [17] This void is separated from the Eridanus Void by a sheet of galaxies. A hole in the distribution of galaxies separating Sculptor and Micrsocopium Voids the size of 1250km/s appears to exist. A hole in the distribution of galaxies separating Sculptor and Southern Eridanus Voids the size of 1250km/s appears to exist. [9] The Sculptor Void lies next to the Southern Wall or Southern Great Wall. | ||
| Taurus Void | Diameter = 100 Mly | The Taurus Void appears large and circular, and has walls of galaxies surrounding it. It lies next to the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster, and is the most visually identifiable. Several galaxies have been found to reside in the void, such as UGC 2627 and UGC 2629, both approximately 185 million light years away. [18] | |||
| [19] [20] | |||||
Map
The Universe within 200 million Light Years, showing the nearest galaxy walls.
See also
External links
- Universe family tree: Void
- a few animated views of voids and their distribution from Hume Feldman with Sergei Shandarin, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
- Visualization of Nearby Large-Scale Structures Fairall, A. P., Paverd, W. R., & Ashley, R. P. Bibcode: 1994ASPC...67...21F
References
- ^ U. Lindner, J. Einasto, M. Einasto, W. Freudling, K. Fricke, E. Tago (1995). "The Structure of Supervoids I: Void Hierarchy in the Northern Local Supervoid The structure of supervoids. I. Void hierarchy in the Northern Local Supervoid". Astron. Astrophys. 301: 329. http://www.uni-sw.gwdg.de/research/preprints/1995/pr1995_14.html/ The Structure of Supervoids I: Void Hierarchy in the Northern Local Supervoid.
- ^ Nakanishi, Kouichiro; Takata, Tadafumi; Yamada, Toru; Takeuchi, Tsutomu T.; Shiroya, Ryuichi; Miyazawa, Morio; Watanabe, Shigeo; Saito, Mamoru (1997) "Search and Redshift Survey for IRAS Galaxies behind the Milky Way and Structure of the Local Void" (PDF) Astrophysical Journal Supplement, v.112, p.245 Bibcode: 1997ApJS..112..245N doi:10.1086/313039
- ^ a b c d e f g Einasto, Jaan; Einasto, Maret; Gramann, Mirt (1989) "Structure and formation of superclusters. IX - Self-similarity of voids" (PDF) Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices (ISSN 0035-8711), vol. 238, May 1, 1989, p. 155-177. Bibcode: 1989MNRAS.238..155E
- ^ "The Northern Cone of Metagalaxy" (Kopylov et al. 1988)
- ^ Kopylov, A. I.; Kopylova, F. G. (2002) "Search for streaming motion of galaxy clusters around the Giant Void" (PDF) Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.382, p.389-396 Bibcode: 2002A&A...382..389K doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011500
- ^ a b Freudling, Wolfram; Martel, Hugo; Haynes, Martha P. (1991) "The peculiar velocity field in the Hercules region" (PDF) Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 377, Aug. 20, 1991, p. 349-364. Bibcode: 1991ApJ...377..349F doi:10.1086/170366
- ^ Rood, Herbert J. (1988) "Supplemental topics on voids" Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Publications (ISSN 0004-6280), vol. 100, Sept. 1988, p. 1071-1075. Bibcode: 1988PASP..100.1071R doi:10.1086/132272
- ^ Gregory, S. A. (1988) "Redshift surveys of emission-line galaxies" Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Publications (ISSN 0004-6280), vol. 100, Nov. 1988, p. 1340-1342. Bibcode: 1988PASP..100.1340G doi:10.1086/132330
- ^ a b c d Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 229, no. 1, March 1990, p. 75-79. ; "A two-dimensional sheet of galaxies between two southern voids" ; 03/1990 ; ISSN 0004-6361 ; Bibcode: 1990A&A...229...75M
- ^ "Astronomers Find Enormous Hole in the Universe". National Radio Astronomy Observatory Press release, retrieved 24 August 2007.
- ^ "No evidence for the cold spot in the NVSS radio survey", Kendrick Smith and Dragan Huterer (2008).
- ^ Freudling, W. (1989) "An Upper Limit on Streaming Motion Around the Hercules Void" Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 21, p.1140 Bibcode: 1989BAAS...21.1140F
- ^ a b Krumm, N.; Brosch, N. (1984) "Neutral hydrogen in cosmic voids" Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256), vol. 89, Oct. 1984, p. 1461-1463. Bibcode: 1984AJ.....89.1461K doi:10.1086/113647
- ^ a b Willmer, C. N. A.; da Costa, L. N.; Pellegrini, P. S.; Fairall, A. P.; Latham, David W.; Freudling, Wolfram (1995) "The Hydra-Centaurus region and the nearby universe" (PDF) The Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256), vol. 109, no. 1669, p. 61-72 Bibcode: 1995AJ....109...61W doi:10.1086/117256
- ^ Hasegawa, Takashi; Wakamatsu, Ken-ichi; Malkan, Matthew; Sekiguchi, Kazuhiro; Menzies, John W.; Parker, Quentin A.; Jugaku, Jun; Karoji, Hiroshi; Okamura, Sadanori (2000) "Large-scale structure of galaxies in the Ophiuchus region" (PDF) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 316, Issue 2, pp. 326-344 Bibcode: 2000MNRAS.316..326H doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03531.x
- ^ S.A. Pustilnik (SAO), D. Engels (Hamburg), A.Y. Kniazev (ESO, SAO), A.G. Pramskij, A.V. Ugryumov (SAO), H.-J. Hagen (Hamburg) (2005) [ "HS 2134+0400 - new very metal-poor galaxy, a representative of void population?"] arXiv:astro-ph/0508255v1 Bibcode: 2006AstL...32..228P doi:10.1134/S1063773706040025
- ^ El-Ad, Hagai; Piran, Tsvi (1997) "Voids in the Large-Scale Structure" (PDF) Astrophysical Journal v.491, p.421 Bibcode: 1997ApJ...491..421E doi:10.1086/304973
- ^ NASA, "Cosmic Distance Scale"
- ^ SIMBAD, "list of objects in '*void' wildcard search" (accessed 15 September 2009)
- ^ SIMBAD, "list of objects of type 'vid'" (accessed 15 September 2009)
Notes
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