wallflower

1. 1. Any of numerous herbs of the genus Erysimum of the mustard family, having fragrant yellow, orange, or brownish flowers.
   2. Any of several perennial herbs of the genus Cheiranthus, especially C. cheiri.
2. One who does not participate in the activity at a social event because of shyness or unpopularity.
3. A security, company, or industry that is out of favor with investors.

WORD HISTORY   The sweet-smelling flowers of Cheiranthus cheiri came to be called wallflowers because they often grow on old walls, rocks, and quarries. The plant name is first recorded in 1578. It is not known who first made the comparison between these delicate flowers and the unpartnered women sitting along the wall at a dance, but the figurative sense is first found in an 1820 work by Mrs. Campbell Praed entitled County Ball. Although originally used to describe women at dances, the word is now applied to men as well and used in situations remote from a ballroom.

A stock that has fallen out of favor with investors and, consequently, tends to trade at a low P/E. Also called orphan stock.

Investopedia Says:
In general terms, a wallflower is somebody who remains on the sidelines of a social activity. The financial sense of the word is very similar. This type of stock is often neglected by research analysts and, as a result, doesn't get much attention from investors. For this reason, many believe that wallflowers are undiscovered bargains.

Related Links:
Is there such a thing as a safe stock providing high dividend income? It may be time to redefine the terms "widows" and "orphans". "Widow And Orphan Stocks": Do They Still Exist?

Stock that has been neglected by research analysts. Since the company's story is rarely followed and the stock infrequently recommended, it is considered an orphan by investors. Orphan stocks may not attract much attention because they are too small, or because they have disappointed investors in the past. Because they are followed by so few investors, orphan stocks tend to trade at low price/earnings ratios. However, if the company assembles a solid record of rising profitability, it can be discovered again by research analysts, boosting the stock price and price/earnings ratio significantly. Investors who buy the stock when it is still a neglected orphan can thereby earn high returns. Also called a wallflower.

Stock that has fallen out of favor with investors. Such stocks tend to have a low Price-Earnings Ratio.

"Wallflower" redirects here. For other uses, see Wallflower (disambiguation).

Wallflowers
Teide wallflower Erysimum scoparium
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Rosids Order: Brassicales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Erysimum L.
Species
Over 180, see text
Synonyms
See text

Erysimum (wallflowers) is a genus that includes about 180 species, both popular garden plants and many wild forms. The genus Cheiranthus is sometimes included herein whole or in part. Erysimum has recently adscribed to a monogeneric cruciferous tribe, Erysimeae. This tribe is characterized by sessile, stellate and/or malpighiaceous trichomes, yellow to orange flowers and multiseeded siliques.

Contents 1 Morphology 2 Distribution 3 Ecology 4 Selected species 5 Cultivation 6 External links

Morphology

Wallflowers are small, annual, short-lived perennial herbs or sub-shrubs, reaching 10-130 cm tall. Most species have stems erect, somewhat winged, canescent with an indumentum of 2-fid hairs, usually 25 ± 53 cm x 2-3 mm in size, and t-shaped trichomes. Leaves narrow and sessile. Lower leaves linear to oblanceolate pinnatifid with backwardly directed lobes, acute, 50-80 mm x 0.5-3 mm. Stem leaves linear, entire; all canescent with 2-fid hairs; 21-43 mm x 1.5-2 mm. Inflorescence in raceme, with bright yellow to red or pink bilateral and hermaphodite, hypogynous and ebracteate flowers. Flowering occurs during spring and summer. One species, Erysimum semperflorens, native to Morocco and Algeria, has white flowers. Floral pedicel ranges between 4 and 7 mm. Four free sepals somewhat saccate, light green, 5-7 mm x 1.5-2 mm.

Distribution

Wallflowers are native to southwest Asia, the Mediterranean region, Europe, Macaronesia (Including Cabo Verde), and North America through Costa Rica. Many wallflowers are endemic to small areas, such as the Teide wallflower E. scoparium, endemic to the Teide volcano on Tenerife, E. aetnense endemic to the Etna volcano in Sicily, the Franciscan wallflower E. franciscanum, endemic to the northern California coast, the Sierra Nevada wallflower E. nevadense, endemic to the Sierra Nevada of Spain, E. moranii from Guadalupe Island (Mexico), and the endangered Santa Cruz wallflower E. teretifolium, endemic to the inland sandhills of Santa Cruz County, California. Erysimum kykkoticum, found only on Cyprus, is nearly extinct.

Ecology

Erysimum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species including the Garden Carpet (Xanthorhoe fluctuata). In addition, some species of weevils, like Ceutorhynchus chlorophanus, live inside the fruits feeding on the developing seeds. Many species of beetles, bugs and grasshoppers eat on the leaves and stalks. Some mammalian herbivores, for example Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in North America, Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Central Europe, or Spanish Ibex (Capra pyrenaica) in the Iberian Peninsula, feed on wallflower flowering and fruiting stalks.

Most wallflowers are pollinator-generalists, their flowers being visited by many different species of bees, bee flies, hoverflies, butterflies, beetles, and ants. However, there some specialist species. For example, Teide wallflower is pollinated almost exclusively by Anthophora alluadii.

Selected species

Erysimum aetnense - Etna wallflower Erysimum allionii - Siberian wallflower Erysimum amasianum- Turkish wallflower Erysimum ammophilum Erysimum angustatum - Dawson wallflower Erysimum arenicola - Cascade wallflower Erysimum asperum Erysimum baeticum Erysimum bicolor Erysimum bonannianum Erysimum caboverdeanum -Cabo Verde Wallflower Erysimum capitatum - Sanddune wallflower, Western wallflower Erysimum cazorlense Erysimum cheiranthoides - Wormseed wallflower Erysimum cheiri Erysimum creticum - Crete wallflower Erysimum diffusum - diffuse wallflower Erysimum drenowskii Erysimum duriaei Erysimum durum Erysimum franciscanum - Franciscan wallflower Erysimum gomezcampoi Erysimum hedgeanum - syn. Arabidopsis erysimoides Erysimum helveticum Erysimum hieracilifolium - European wallflower see the Dutch Wiki page Erysimum incanum Erysimum inconspicuum - Smallflower prairie wallflower Erysimum insulare Erysimum kykkoticum

Erysimum kotschyanum- Kotschy wallflower Erysimum linifolium Erysimum mediohispanicum Erysimum menziesii Erysimum moranii Erysimum mutabile Erysimum myriophyllum Erysimum nervosum Erysimum nevadense - Sierra Nevada wallflower Erysimum occidentale Erysimum ochroleucum see the French Wiki page Erysimum odoratum - smelly wallflower (syn. Erysimum pannonicum) Erysimum pallasii - Pallas' wallflower Erysimum perofskianum Erysimum pieninicum Erysimum popovii Erysimum pseudorhaeticum Erysimum pulchellum Erysimum raulinii - Crete wallflower Erysimum repandum Erysimum rhaeticum - Swiss wallflower see the German Wiki page Erysimum ruscinonensis Erysimum scoparium - Teide wallflower Erysimum siliculosum Erysimum semperflorens Erysimum teretifolium - Santa Cruz wallflower, Ben Lomond wallflower Erysimum wahlenbergii Erysimum wilczekianum Erysimum wittmanii

Cultivation

Most wallflower garden cultivars (e.g. Erysimum 'Chelsea Jacket') are derived from E. cheiri (often placed in Cheiranthus), from southern Europe. Growth is best in dry soils with very good drainage, and they are often grown successfully in loose wall mortar, hence the vernacular name. Their flowers are often purple or brown.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Erysimum

Look up wallflower in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Evoflor, a web page on Erysimum floral evolution
• Erysimums.org, webpage of a UK collector of erysimums
• Herbario del Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, CSIC (Jaca, Aragón, Spain)
• Botánica Sistemática, an open web on plants

Erysimum wittmanii inflorescence

Erysimum 'Chelsea Jacket'

Erysimum helveticum

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - gyldenlak, [sl.] bænkevarmer

Nederlands (Dutch)
muurbloempje

Français (French)
n. - (Bot) giroflée, (fig) (faire) tapisserie

Deutsch (German)
n. - (bot.) Goldlack, Mauerblümchen

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (φυτολ.) μανιτιά, αγριοβιολέτα, ντροπαλός, συνεσταλμένος

Italiano (Italian)
chi fa tappezzeria al ballo, violacciocca

Português (Portuguese)
n. - goivo amarelo (m) (Bot.)

Русский (Russian)
желтофиоль, дама, оставшаяся на балу без кавалера, девушка, не пользующаяся успехом

Español (Spanish)
n. - alhelí, alelí amarillo, chica que se queda sin pareja en los bailes

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - lackviol, panelhöna

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
壁花, 局外人

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 壁花, 局外人

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 계란풀, 벽의 꽃 (무도회 따위에서 상대가 없는 젊은 여자), 인기 없는 여자

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - ニオイアラセイトウ, 壁の花

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) المنثور الأصفر, الخيري, زهرة الحائط‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮זן של פרח, פרח-קיר, נערת-פינה, "פרח-קיר" (מי שאינו/ה מוזמנ/ת לריקוד במסיבה), אדם שאינו מעורה בחברה‬

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