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The War against Gallus (351–352) was a Jewish revolt against the Roman Empire directed against the rule of Constantius Gallus, brother-in-law of Emperor Constantius II and Caesar of the East. The revolt was subdued by Gallus' general Ursicinus.
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Background
The Jewish community in Palestine was severely oppressed by Gallus, the Roman Emperor of the east, who inflicted harsh and cruel policies. This infuriated the local Jewish community.
Revolt
The leader of the Jews in their battle against the Romans was Patricius, also known as Natrona, a name with messianic connotations.[1] The rebellion started at Sepphoris where the Jews managed to gain possession. It then spread to Tiberias and Lydda.
Roman reaction
The Roman General Ursicinus reacted quickly and fervently. Many of the revolting towns and other neighbouring towns were destroyed. In Sepphoris itself the uprising was put down but the city was not destroyed. However, the Galilee earthquake of 363 destroyed the city, which was then rebuilt but the damages are still evident in excavations. [2]
A midrash suggests that Patricius was killed in the battle. [3]
Consequences
After the events, a permanent garrison occupied Galilee. [4] Because the Talmud centers were in the cities affected, the Jewish learning in the land of Israel was weakened.
Notes and references
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