In an undershot water wheel, the wheel turns as a result of the
weight of the water. The water flows into the wheel, stops and then
when the wheel turns the water flows out underneath the wheel. It
is used when you do not have a big head of water. In the overshot
wheels the water pushes the wheel and then flows over the top of
the wheel. The overshot wheel uses both the weight and the momentum
of the water and so are more efficient and powerful.