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Estrildid Finches
Neochmia temporalis Red-browed Firetail
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Suborder:	Passeri
Family:	Estrildidae Bonaparte, 1850
Genera
Many:see text

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They can be classified as the family Estrildidae (weaver-finch), or previously as a sub-group within the family Passeridae, which also includes the true sparrows.^[1]

They are gregarious and often colonial seed-eaters with short, thick, but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but vary widely in plumage colours and pattern.

All the estrildids build large domed nests and lay 5–10 white eggs. Many species build roost nests. Some of the fire-finches and pytilias are hosts to the brood-parasitic indigobirds and whydahs respectively.

Most are sensitive to cold and require a warm, usually tropical, habitat, although a few have adapted to the cooler climates of southern Australia.

The smallest species of the family is the Fernando Po Oliveback (Nesocharis shelleyi) at a mere 8.3 cm (3.3 inches), although the lightest species is the Black-rumped Waxbill (Estrilda troglodytes) at 6 g. The largest species is the Java Sparrow (Padda oryzivora), at 17 cm (6.7 inches) and 25 g.

Species list

• Antpeckers, genus Parmoptila
  • Jameson's Antpecker, Parmoptila rubrifrons
  • Woodhouse's Antpecker, Parmoptila woodhousei
• Negrofinches, genus Nigrita
  • White-breasted Negrofinch, Nigrita fusconota
  • Chestnut-breasted Negrofinch, Nigrita bicolor
  • Pale-fronted Negrofinch, Nigrita luteifrons
  • Grey-headed Negrofinch, Nigrita canicapilla
• Olivebacks, genus Nesocharis
  • White-collared Oliveback, Nesocharis ansorgei
  • Fernando Po Oliveback, Nesocharis shelleyi
  • Grey-headed Oliveback, Nesocharis capistrata
• Pytilias, genus Pytilia
  • Orange-winged Pytilia, Pytilia afra
  • Red-winged Pytilia, Pytilia phoenicoptera
  • Green-winged Pytilia, Pytilia melba
  • Red-faced Pytilia, Pytilia hypogrammica
• Genus Mandingoa
  • Green-backed Twinspot, Mandingoa nitidula
• Crimson-wings, genus Cryptospiza
  • Red-faced Crimson-wing, Cryptospiza reichenovii
  • Abyssinian Crimson-wing, Cryptospiza salvadorii
  • Dusky Crimson-wing, Cryptospiza jacksoni
  • Shelley's Crimson-wing, Cryptospiza shelleyi
• Seedcrackers, genus Pyrenestes
  • Crimson Seedcracker, Pyrenestes sanguineus
  • Black-bellied Seedcracker, Pyrenestes ostrinus
  • Lesser Seedcracker, Pyrenestes minor
• Bluebills, genus Spermophaga
  • Grant's Bluebill, Spermophaga poliogenys
  • Western Bluebill, Spermophaga haematina
  • Red-headed Bluebill, Spermophaga ruficapilla
• Twinspots, genera Clytospiza, Hypargos, Euschistospiza
  • Brown Twinspot, Clytospiza monteiri
  • Peters' Twinspot, Hypargos niveoguttatus
  • Pink-throated Twinspot, Hypargos margaritatus
  • Dybowski's Twinspot, Euschistospiza dybowskii
  • Dusky Twinspot, Euschistospiza cinereovinacea
• Firefinches, genus Lagonosticta
  • Bar-breasted Firefinch, Lagonosticta rufopicta
  • Brown Firefinch, Lagonosticta nitidula
  • Red-billed Firefinch, Lagonosticta senegala
  • Black-bellied Firefinch, Lagonosticta rara
  • African Firefinch, Lagonosticta rubricata
  • Pale-billed Firefinch, Lagonosticta landanae
  • Jameson's Firefinch, Lagonosticta rhodopareia
  • Mali Firefinch, Lagonosticta virata
  • Rock Firefinch, Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis
  • Black-throated Firefinch
    • Lagonosticta larvata
    • Lagonosticta vinacea
  • Reichenow's Firefinch, Lagonosticta umbrinodorsalis
• Cordon-bleus, genus Uraeginthus
  • Blue-breasted Cordon-bleu, Uraeginthus angolensis
  • Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu, Uraeginthus bengalus
  • Blue-capped Cordon-bleu, Uraeginthus cyanocephalus
  • Purple Grenadier, Uraeginthus ianthinogaster
  • Common Grenadier, Uraeginthus granatinus also known as Violet-eared Waxbill
• Waxbills, genus Estrilda
  • Lavender Waxbill, Estrilda caerulescens
  • Black-tailed Waxbill, Estrilda perreini
  • Cinderella Waxbill, Estrilda thomensis
  • Swee Waxbill also known as Yellow-bellied Waxbill
    • Estrilda quartinia
    • Estrilda melanotis
  • Fawn-breasted Waxbill
    • Estrilda ochrogaster
    • Estrilda poliopareia
    • Estrilda paludicola
  • Anambra Waxbill, Estrilda poliopareia
  • Orange-cheeked Waxbill, Estrilda melpoda
  • Arabian Waxbill, Estrilda rufibarba
  • Crimson-rumped Waxbill, Estrilda rhodopyga
  • Black-rumped Waxbill, Estrilda troglodytes
  • Common Waxbill, Estrilda astrild
  • Black-lored Waxbill, Estrilda nigriloris
  • Black-crowned Waxbill, Estrilda nonnula
  • Black-headed Waxbill, Estrilda atricapilla
  • Black-cheeked Waxbill, Estrilda erythronotos
  • Red-rumped Waxbill, Estrilda charmosyna

Red Avadavat Amandava amandava

• Avadavats, genus Amandava
  • Red Avadavat, Amandava amandava also known as Red Munia
  • Green Avadavat, Amandava formosa
  • Zebra Waxbill, Amandava subflava also known as Orange-breasted Waxbill
• Quailfinches, genus Ortygospiza
  • Red-billed Quailfinch, Ortygospiza gabonensis
  • African Quailfinch, Ortygospiza atricollis
  • Locustfinch, Ortygospiza locustella
• Firetails, genera Emblema, Stagonopleura, Oreostruthus
  • Painted Firetail, Emblema pictum
  • Beautiful Firetail, Stagonopleura bella
  • Red-eared Firetail, Stagonopleura oculata
  • Diamond Firetail, Stagonopleura guttata
  • Mountain Firetail, Oreostruthus fuliginosus
• Genus Neochmia
  • Red-browed Firetail, Neochmia temporalis
  • Crimson Finch, Neochmia phaeton
  • Star Finch, Neochmia ruficauda
    • N. r. subclarescens
    • N. r. clarescens
    • N. r. ruficauda
  • Plum-headed Finch, Neochmia modesta also known as Cherry Finch
• Genus Taeniopygia
  • Zebra Finch, Taeniopygia guttata
    • T. g. guttata
    • T. g. castanotis
  • Double-barred Finch, Taeniopygia bichenovii
    • T. b. bichenovii
    • T. b. annulosa
• Genus Poephila
  • Masked Finch, Poephila personata
  • Long-tailed Finch, Poephila acuticauda
  • Black-throated Finch, Poephila cincta
    • P. c. cincta
    • P. c. atropygialis
• Parrotfinches, genus Erythrura
  • Tawny-breasted Parrotfinch, Erythrura hyperythra
  • Pin-tailed Parrotfinch, Erythrura prasina
  • Green-faced Parrotfinch, Erythrura viridifacies
  • Tricolored Parrotfinch, Erythrura tricolor
  • Blue-faced Parrotfinch, Erythrura trichroa
  • Red-eared Parrotfinch, Erythrura coloria
  • Papuan Parrotfinch, Erythrura papuana
  • Red-throated Parrotfinch, Erythrura psittacea
  • Fiji Parrotfinch, Erythrura pealii
  • Red-headed Parrotfinch, Erythrura cyaneovirens
  • Royal Parrotfinch, Erythrura regia
  • Pink-billed Parrotfinch, Erythrura kleinschmidti
• Genus Chloebia
  • Gouldian Finch, Chloebia gouldiae
• Munias and Silverbills, genus Lonchura
  • Madagascar Munia, Lonchura nana
  • African Silverbill, Lonchura cantans
    

    

    Indian Silverbill Lonchura malabarica
  • Indian Silverbill, Lonchura malabarica also known as White-throated Munia
  • Grey-headed Silverbill, Lonchura griseicapilla
  • Bronze Mannikin, Lonchura cucullata also known as Bronze Munia
  • Black-and-white Mannikin, Lonchura bicolor also known as Black-and-white Munia
  • Brown-backed Mannikin, Lonchura nigriceps also known as Brown-backed Munia
  • Magpie Mannikin, Lonchura fringilloides also known as Magpie Munia
  • White-rumped Munia, Lonchura striata
  • Javan Munia, Lonchura leucogastroides
  • Dusky Munia, Lonchura fuscans
  • Black-faced Munia, Lonchura molucca
  • Black-throated Munia, Lonchura kelaarti also known as Jerdon's Mannikin
    

    

    Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata
  • Scaly-breasted Munia, Lonchura punctulata also known as Nutmeg Mannikin or Spice Finch
  • White-bellied Munia, Lonchura leucogastra
  • Streak-headed Munia, Lonchura tristissima
    • L. t. tristissima
    • L. t. leucosticta
  • Black-headed Munia, Lonchura atricapilla also known as Chestnut Munia
  • Tricoloured Munia, Lonchura malacca
  • White-capped Munia, Lonchura ferruginosa
  • Cream-bellied Munia, Lonchura pallidiventer
    

    

    Black-headed Munia Lonchura malacca
  • Five-colored Munia, Lonchura quinticolor
  • White-headed Munia, Lonchura maja
  • Pale-headed Munia, Lonchura pallida
  • Grand Munia, Lonchura grandis
  • Grey-banded Munia, Lonchura vana
  • Grey-crowned Munia, Lonchura nevermanni
  • Hooded Munia, Lonchura spectabilis
  • Grey-headed Munia, Lonchura caniceps
  • Mottled Munia, Lonchura hunsteini
  • New Ireland Munia, Lonchura forbesi
  • New Hanover Munia, Lonchura nigerrima
  • Yellow-rumped Munia, Lonchura flaviprymna
  • Chestnut-breasted Munia, Lonchura castaneothorax
    

    

    Cheastnut-breasted Mannikin, Lonchura castaneothorax
  • Black Munia, Lonchura stygia
  • Black-breasted Munia, Lonchura teerinki
  • Snow Mountain Munia, Lonchura montana
  • Alpine Munia, Lonchura monticola
  • Bismarck Munia, Lonchura melaena
• Genus Heteromunia
  • Pictorella Munia, Heteromunia pectoralis
• Java Sparrows, genus Padda
  • Java Sparrow, Padda oryzivora
  • Timor Dusky Sparrow, Padda fuscata
• Cut-throats, genus Amadina
  • Cut-throat, Amadina fasciata
  • Red-headed Finch Amadina erythrocephala

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Estrildidae

• Estrildidae on Zipcode Zoo
• Estrildid Finch videos, photos and sounds on the Internet Bird Collection