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A thin atmosphere is thin and a thick atmosphere is thick
The mean difference between Thick and Thin cylinders is :
The ratio diameter/Thickness
For Thin Cylinder, it is more than 20
For Thick Cylinder; it is less than 20
The diffrence between thick and thin lens depends on your precription for your eyes.
Difference between thick and thin film resistor is not related to thickness but its based on how the film is applied to the surface.