a winding is called concentrated winding when the number of slots per pole per phase is fractional

a wave winding in which the number of parallel circuits is a multiple of two, other than four, whatever the number of poles

start winding is thicker with less number of winding whereas run winding is less thicker than start winding but with more number of winding. As we know inductance depends upon numbers of turns of winding so run winding will have more inductance.

Transformer ratio, more correctly turns ratio, is the number of turns in the primary winding divided by the number of turns in the secondary winding.

shunt field winding are made with many turn of small wire.