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woodwind

 
Dictionary: wood·wind   (wʊd'wĭnd') pronunciation
 
n.
  1. A wind instrument in which sound is produced by the vibration of reeds in the mouthpiece, as a bassoon, clarinet, oboe, or saxophone, or by the passing of air across the mouthpiece, as a flute.
  2. woodwinds
    1. The section of a band or orchestra composed of woodwind instruments.
    2. Woodwind instruments or their players considered as a group.

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Music Encyclopedia: Woodwind instruments
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Term for wind instruments (aerophones) whose air-column is set in vibration either by the impinging of a stream of air on an edge or by a reed. They may be made of wood, ebonite, metal (including brass, in the case of the saxophone), ivory or other substances. Different notes are obtained by the covering or uncovering of finger-holes, to vary the length of the vibrating tube; instruments can also be overblown (i.e. made to vibrate in sections, producing a higher note), normally by an octave or an octave and a 5th, depending upon the physical properties of the tube.

The principal instruments sounded by the player's directing his breath at an edge are the flute type, both end-blown (such as the Recorder) and side-blown (such as the Flute itself). Instruments sounded by a double reed (two blades of cane bound together) include the Oboe and the Bassoon; among those sounded by a single reed beating against the mouthpiece of the instrument are the Clarinet and the Saxophone. Among earlier reed instruments is the Crumhorn, in which the reed does not come into contact with the player's lips; it falls within the category known as Wind-cap instruments. The main woodwind instruments used in the modern orchestra are the flute (in several sizes, including the small piccolo and the large alto flute), the oboe (and the larger english horn), the clarinet (made in several sizes, notably the alto basset-horn and the bass clarinet) and the bassoon (and the double-bassoon, pitched an octave lower): see illustrations.

Click to enlarge
Modern woodwind instruments and their 18th century precursors.


 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: woodwind instrument
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Any musical wind instrument that produces sound by either directing a stream of air against the edge of a hole or by making a reed or a double reed vibrate (see reed instrument). In a brass instrument, by contrast, the airstream passes directly from the player's vibrating lips into the air column. The orchestral woodwinds include the flute, piccolo, clarinet, oboe, English horn, and bassoon. Other woodwinds include the saxophone, recorder, panpipe, shakuhachi, and shawm.

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Fine Arts Dictionary: woodwinds
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A group of wind instruments with a softer tone than that of brass instruments. Woodwind players do not set the air in their instruments in motion by blowing through their closed lips against a cup-shaped mouthpiece, as players of brass instruments do. In woodwinds, the players insert the mouthpiece into their mouths and blow while pressing their lips against a single or double reed. Bassoons, clarinets, oboes, and saxophones are played in this way. In other woodwinds, the player blows across a hole (fifes, flutes, and piccolos) or into a whistlelike mouthpiece (recorders).

 
Wikipedia: Woodwind instrument
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A woodwind instrument is a musical instrument which produces sound when the player blows air against an edge of, or opening in, the instrument, causing the air to vibrate within a resonator. Most of these instruments were originally made of wood, but some, such as the saxophone and most flutes, are now commonly made of other materials such as metals or plastics.

Types of woodwind instruments

  • Single-reed instruments use a reed, which is a thin cut piece of cane or plastic that is held against the aperture of a mouthpiece with a ligature. When air is forced between the reed and the mouthpiece, the reed vibrates, creating the sound. Single reed instruments include the clarinet and saxophone families of instruments.
  • Double-reed instruments, use two precisely cut, small pieces of cane joined together at the base. The finished, bound reed is inserted into the top of the instrument and vibrates as air is forced between the two pieces of bound cane. There are two sub-families:
    • Exposed double-reed instruments, where the reed goes between the player's lips. The oboe, cor anglais (also called English horn) and bassoon make up the more popular instruments within this family.
    • Capped double-reed instruments, where there is a cap covering up the reed with a hole in that the player just blows through. This family includes most bagpipes, the crumhorn, and the cornamuse.
  • Flutes produce sound when air is blown across an edge. There are two sub-families:
    • Open flute family, where the player's lips form a stream of air which goes directly from the players lips to the edge, such as transverse flutes and end-blown flutes. Modern concert flutes are usually made of pure metal or a combination of metals including nickel, silver, and gold.
    • Closed flute family, where the instrument forms and directs the air stream over the edge. This family includes fipple based flutes like whistles and the recorder family.



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Translations: Woodwind
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Dansk (Danish)
n. - træblæserinstrument, træblæsere
adj. - træblæser-

Nederlands (Dutch)
houtblaasinstrument

Français (French)
n. - (Mus) bois (npl)
adj. - à bois, d'instrument à bois, des bois

Deutsch (German)
adj. - Holzblas-
n. - Holzblasinstrument

Ελληνική (Greek)
adj. - ξύλινος πνευστός
n. - (μουσ.) ξύλινο πνευστό (όργανο)

Italiano (Italian)
strumento a fiato

Português (Portuguese)
adj. - relativo a instrumento de sopro de madeira
n. - instrumento de sopro de madeira (m)

Русский (Russian)
деревянный духовой инструмент

Español (Spanish)
n. - instrumentos de viento de madera
adj. - de instrumentos de viento de madera

Svenska (Swedish)
adj. - blåsinstruments-
n. - träblåsare

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
木管乐器

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 木管樂器

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 목관 악기류, 목관 악기부
adj. - 목관 악기의

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 木管楽器, 木管楽器部

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(صفه) شبيه باله نفخ (الاسم) الات النفخ أو الزمر الموسيقيه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮כלי נשיפה מעץ‬
adj. - ‮של כלי נשיפה מעץ (תזמורת)‬


 
 

 

Copyrights:

Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Music Encyclopedia. The Concise Grove Dictionary of Music. Copyright © 1994 by Oxford University Press, Inc.. All rights reserved.  Read more
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Fine Arts Dictionary. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Edited by E.D. Hirsch, Jr., Joseph F. Kett, and James Trefil. Copyright © 2002 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Woodwind instrument" Read more
Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.  Read more