Dictionary:

worm

  (wûrm)

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1. Any of various invertebrates, as those of the phyla Annelida, Nematoda, Nemertea, or Platyhelminthes, having a long, flexible, rounded or flattened body, often without obvious appendages.
2. Any of various crawling insect larvae, such as a grub or a caterpillar, having a soft elongated body.
3. Any of various unrelated animals, such as the shipworm or the slowworm, resembling a worm in habit or appearance.
4. 1. Something, such as the thread of a screw or the spiral condenser in a still, that resembles a worm in form or appearance.
   2. The spirally threaded shaft of a worm gear.
5. An insidiously tormenting or devouring force: “felt the black worm of treachery growing in his heart” (Mario Puzo).
6. A person regarded as pitiable or contemptible.
7. worms Pathology. Infestation of the intestines or other parts of the body with worms or wormlike parasites; helminthiasis.
8. Computer Science. A malicious program that replicates itself until it fills all of the storage space on a drive or network.

1. To make (one's way) with or as if with the sinuous crawling motion of a worm.
2. To work (one's way or oneself) subtly or gradually; insinuate: She wormed her way into his confidence.
3. To elicit by artful or devious means. Usually used with out of: wormed a confession out of the suspect.
4. To cure of intestinal worms.
5. Nautical. To wrap yarn or twine spirally around (rope).

1. To move in a manner suggestive of a worm.
2. To make one's way by artful or devious means: He can't worm out of this situation.

[Middle English, from Old English wurm, variant of wyrm.]

(1) A destructive program that replicates itself throughout a single computer or across a network, both wired and wireless. It can do damage by sheer reproduction, consuming internal disk and memory resources within a single computer or by exhausting network bandwidth. It can also deposit a Trojan that turns a computer into a zombie for spam and other malicious purposes. Very often, the terms "worm" and "virus" are used synonymously; however, worm implies an automatic method for reproducing itself in other computers. See virus, logic bomb, smartphone virus, Worm.ExploreZip virus and Morris worm.

(2) A program that moves through a network and deposits information at each node for diagnostic purposes or causes idle computers to share some of the processing workload. See ethical worm.

A program that replicates itself and penetrates a valid computer system. It may also spread within a network.

verb

1. To move or proceed with short irregular motions up and down or from side to side: squiggle, squirm, waggle, wiggle, wriggle, writhe. See move/halt, repetition.
2. To move along in a crouching or prone position: crawl, creep, slide, snake. See move/halt.
3. To introduce gradually and slyly: edge, foist, infiltrate, insinuate, wind², work. See enter/exit.
4. To make, achieve, or get through contrivance or guile: engineer, finesse. Informal finagle, wangle. See get/lose, make/unmake.

Idioms beginning with worm:
worm into
worm out of
worm turns, the

See also can of worms; early bird catches the worm.

[from tapeworm in John Brunner's novel The Shockwave Rider, via XEROX PARC] A program that propagates itself over a network, reproducing itself as it goes. Compare virus. Nowadays the term has negative connotations, as it is assumed that only crackers write worms. Perhaps the best-known example was Robert T. Morris's Great Worm of 1988, a ‘benign’ one that got out of control and hogged hundreds of Suns and VAXen across the U.S. See also cracker, RTM, Trojan horse, ice.

Definition

Worms are parasitic, soft-bodied organisms that can infect humans and animals. Parasitic worms fall into several different classes and include flukes, roundworm, and tapeworm.

Description

Worms are parasites that live within a host organism (human or animal) for the purpose of obtaining food. This relationship causes harm to the host, and, with severe cases of infection, can be fatal. The term worms commonly refers to intestinal worms, although worms can infect other organs and the bloodstream. Intestinal worms are helminths and fall into three classes: cestodes (tapeworms), nematodes (roundworms), and trematodes (flukes).

Cestodes

Tapeworms have a ribbon-like body composed of a scolex, which attaches the worm to the intestinal wall, and a long chain of progressively developing proglottids. Proglottids at the tail end of the worm contain eggs. Tapeworms can have 3–4,000 proglottids and be several meters long. Tapeworms that infect humans include Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Hymenolepsis nana, and Diphyllobothrium latum. Tapeworms live in the small intestine and absorb food from the intestinal contents.

The complex life cycles of cestodes differ with each genus and involve two or three different hosts. In general, one host (the intermediate host) ingests eggs that develop into a larval stage. A second host (the definitive host) ingests the larva, which develop into adult worms in the intestine. Humans can become infected with tapeworm by eating raw or inadequately cooked, contaminated fish, pork, or beef. Humans can serve as both intermediate and definitive hosts for certain cestodes. Although humans can experience severe disease when serving as an intermediate host, they may show few signs of disease when harboring adult tapeworms.

Nematodes

Intestinal nematodes, or roundworms, are the most worm-like of all the helminths and resemble the earthworm. Nematodes have a mouth with either three lips or teeth (hookworms), a complete digestive tract, and separate sexes. Nematodes can range from a few millimeters to over one meter long. Roundworms that can infect humans include Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Capillaria philippinensis, Trichostrongylus species, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), Necator americanus (hookworm), and Strongyloides stercoralis. Infection occurs following contact (ingestion or skin) with contaminated soil. Pinworms are not uncommon in children and are easily spread to other family members.

There are five stages (four larval and one adult) in the life cycle of the roundworm. Each genus has a unique life cycle that can be classified into one of three patterns. A person becomes infected by ingesting eggs or larva or through skin penetration by larva. Once ingested, depending upon the genus, eggs may either develop into adult worms in the intestines, or a larval stage may gain access to the bloodstream, enter the lungs, be swallowed, and then develop into adult worms in the intestines. For certain genera, larva penetrate the skin, arrive at the lungs via the bloodstream, are swallowed, and become mature worms in the intestines. Eggs are passed out in the stool, or with pinworms, the female lays eggs on the skin surrounding the anal opening.

Trematodes

Trematodes, or flukes, are flat, leaf-shaped, and range in length from a few millimeters to 75 millimeters. Intestinal flukes are primarily found in the Asian continent. Intestinal flukes that can infect humans are Fasciolopsis buski, Heterophyes heterophyes, Metagonimus yokogawai, Echinostoma species, and Nanophyetus salmincola.

The life cycles of all flukes involve freshwater snails as an intermediate host. Flukes are contracted by ingestion of eggs or encysted (encased) larva from contaminated water, raw water plants (water chestnuts, water bamboo shoots, etc.), or raw or inadequately cooked fish or snails. The eggs or larva mature into adult worms in the intestines.

Causes & Symptoms

Infection by worms is caused by the ingestion of or skin contact with helminth eggs or larva, as described above.

Symptoms of helminth infections vary depending upon the genera and number of worms involved. Infection with adult tapeworms often causes no symptoms, however, some patients may experience diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia, and/or vitamin B₁₂ deficiency. Roundworm infection often causes no symptoms but some patients may experience abdominal pain, diarrhea, growth retardation, anemia, and bloody, mucusy stools. Pinworms cause irritated, itchy skin surrounding the anal opening. Itching may be more severe at night and interfere with sleep. Mild infection with flukes may cause no symptoms, but heavy infections can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and profuse stools containing undigested food.

One side effect of worm infestation that is presently being studied for potential applications in treating atopy (a type of inherited allergic response) is the release of certain anti-inflammatory chemicals in the body. These chemicals, called cytokines, may prove to be useful in preventing atopy.

Diagnosis

The patient will be questioned about travel and ingestion of high-risk foods. Worms are diagnosed by microscopic examination of stool samples to identify eggs and adult worms. Three samples may be taken: two from normal bowel movements and one following the use of a laxative. Pinworms are diagnosed using the "Scotch tape" method in which a piece of tape is applied to the skin surrounding the anal opening. Pinworm eggs, and occasionally an adult worm, adhere to the tape and are identified by microscopic examination.

Treatment

Although alternative remedies may help treat worms, the patient should consult a physician to obtain an accurate diagnosis and appropriate antihelmintic medication.

Dietary modifications help to rid a person of worm infection. Processed foods and foods that contain sugar, white flour, and milk products should be avoided. The diet should be comprised of 25% fat, 25% protein, and 50% complex carbohydrates. At least two tablespoons of unprocessed sesame, safflower, canola, or flax oil should be taken daily.

Herbals

Herbals that may kill and expel worms include:

• aloe (Aloe vera)
• ash (Fraxinus americana) bark ashes
• bayberry (Myrica cerifera) bark tea
• black walnut bark
• Brassica oleracea decoction
• butternut root bark
• citrin (Garcinia cambogia) extract
• clove (Eugenia caryophyllus)
• cranberry powder
• erba ruggine (Ceterach officinarum)
• fennel (Foeniculum officinale)
• garlic (Allium sativum)
• Chenopodium ambrosioides
• ginger (Zingiber officinale)
• goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)
• lemon (Citrus limon)
• male fern
• orange (Citrus sinensis) peel
• onion (Allium cepa)
• palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii)
• pinkroot (Spigelia)
• pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seeds
• Punica granatum bark infusion
• sage (Salvia officinalis)
• tansy
• wood betony (Stachys officinalis) tea
• wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) tincture

Chinese Herbal Medicines

Roundworms are treated with the herbs Chuan Lian Gen Pi (Cortex meliae radicis) and Bing Lang (Semen arecae) and the patent medicines Wu Mei Wan (Mume Pill) and Qu Hui Wan (Dispel Roundworms Pill). Pinworms are treated with the herbs Ku Lian Gen Pi (Cortex meliae radicis) and Shi Jun Zi (Fructus quisqualis). Flukes are treated with the herbs Bing Lang (Semen arecae) and a mixture of Bing Lang (Semen arecae), Da Huang (Radix et rhizoma rhei), and Qian Niu Zi (Semen pharbitidis). Hookworm is treated with the herbs Lei Wan (Sclerotium omphaliae) and a combination of Guan Zhong (Rhizoma dryopteris crassirhizomae), Ku Lian Gen Pi (Cortex meliae radicis), Tu Jing Jie (Herba chenopodii ambrosioidis), and Zi Su Ye (Folium perillae).

Other Alternative Remedies

Other remedies for intestinal worms include:

• Acupuncture. Acupuncture may be used as an adjunct to other treatments to relieve pain and regulate the Spleen and Stomach.
• Ayurveda. Ayurvedic remedies for pinworms include eating one-quarter teaspoon twice daily with water of the herbal mixture: vidanga (5 parts), shardunika (2 parts), and trikatu (one eighth part). Also, the patient may take one-half teaspoon triphala in warm water each night.
• Homeopathy. The most common remedy for pinworms is wormseed (Cina). Pinworms associated with other conditions are treated with stinging nettle (Urtica urens) for hives, Mexican grass (Sabadilla) for hay fever, cat thyme (Teucrium) for polyps, pinkroot (Spigelia) for heart palpitations or facial pain, and krameria (Ratanhia) for rectal fissures.

Allopathic Treatment

Intestinal worm infection is treated with medications, many of which are effective with one oral dose. Helminth infections are treated with albendazole (Albenza), levamisole (Ergamisol), mebendazole (Vermox), praziquantel (Biltricide), pyrantel (Antiminth, Ascarel, Pin-X), or thiabendazole (Mintezol).

In treating tapeworm infestations, it is important to completely eliminate the head and neck regions of the tapeworm, as the entire worm can regenerate from these parts.

Expected Results

Medications are very effective in eliminating helminth infections; however, reinfection is always a possibility. Some types of worms appear to trigger changes in the human immune system that make reinfection easier. Patients should be retested following treatment to ensure that the infection has been eliminated. Complications of severe untreated infections include anemia, growth retardation, malnourishment, intestinal blockage, rectal prolapse (when the rectum extrudes out of the anal opening), and death.

Prevention

Most intestinal worm infections may be prevented by properly washing the hands after using the bathroom, washing skin after contact with soil, wearing shoes outside, and eating thoroughly cooked fish, meats (including meat from wild game), and freshwater plants. A number of cases of worm infections caused by eating raw salmon and crayfish were reported in North America in 2003; in addition, there was an outbreak of trichinellosis in Saskatchewan in 2000 that was traced to infected bear meat.

Skin penetration by larva may be reduced by eating foods rich in vitamin A including squash, carrots, sweet potatoes, yams, and greens.

People who live on farms, or have dogs or cats as house pets, should have their animals checked by a veterinarian on a regular basis and have them dewormed if necessary.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that people traveling abroad should wash their hands with soap and water before handling food; should wash and peel all raw vegetables and fruits before eating; and should drink only bottled or boiled water, or carbonated drinks in cans or bottles.

As of late 2003, researchers in developing countries are working on a vaccine for pigs to help control worms transmitted by pigs to humans; however, the vaccine is not likely to be available for several years.

Resources

Books

"Cestodes (Tapeworms)." Section 13, Chapter 161 in The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, edited by Mark H. Beers, MD, and Robert Berkow, MD. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Research Laboratories, 2002.

Garcia, Lynne S. and David A. Bruckner. Diagnostic Medical Parasitology. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1997.

Markell, Edward K., David T. John, and Wojciech A. Krotoski. Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology. 8th edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1999.

"Nematode (Roundworm) Infections." Section 13, Chapter 161 in The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, edited by Mark H. Beers, MD, and Robert Berkow, MD. White-house Station, NJ: Merck Research Laboratories, 2002.

Pearson, Richard D. Parasitic Diseases: Helminths. Textbook of Gastroenterology, 3rd edition. Edited by Tadataka Yamada et al. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999.

Ying, Zhou Zhong and Jin Hui De. "Common Parasitoses." In Clinical Manual of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture. New York: Churchill Livingston, 1997.

Periodicals

Albonico, Marco, D.W.T. Crompton, and L. Savioli. "Control Strategies for Human Intestinal Nematode Infections." Advances in Parasitology (1999): 277-341.

Castilla, E. A., R. Jessen, D. N. Sheck, and G. W. Procop. "Cavitary Mass Lesion and Recurrent Pneumothoraces Due to Paragonimus kellicotti Infection: North American Paragonimiasis." American Journal of Surgical Pathology 27 (August 2003): 1157–1160.

Couture, C., L. Measures, J. Gagnon, and C. Desbiens. "Human Intestinal Anisakiosis Due to Consumption of Raw Salmon." American Journal of Surgical Pathology 27 (August 2003): 1167–1172.

Ferreira, M. B., S. L. da Silva, and A. G. Carlos. "Atopy and Helminths." Allergy and Immunology (Paris) 34 (January 2002): 10-12.

Gittleman, Ann Louise. "Parasites." Total Health (May/June 1997): 47+.

Guarrera, Paolo Maria. "Traditional Antihelmintic, Antiparasitic and Repellent Uses of Plants in Central Italy." Journal of Ethnopharmacology (1999): 183-192.

Jenson, J. S., R. O'Connor, J. Osborne, and E. Devaney. "Infection with Brugia Microfilariae Induces Apoptosis of CD4(+) T Lymphocytes: A Mechanism of Immune Unresponsiveness in Filariasis." European Journal of Immunology 32 (March 2002): 858-867.

Kumaran, A. M., P. D'Souza, A. Agarwal, et al. "Geraniol, the Putative Anthelmintic Principle of Cymbopogon martinii." Phytotherapy Research 17 (September 2003): 957.

Roy, S. L., A. S. Lopez, and P. M. Schantz. "Trichinellosis Surveillance—United States, 1997–2001." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries 52 (July 25, 2003): 1–8.

Schellenberg, R. S., B. J. Tan, J. D. Irvine, et al. "An Outbreak of Trichinellosis Due to Consumption of Bear Meat Infected with Trichinella nativa, in 2 Northern Saskatchewan Communities." Journal of Infectious Diseases 188 (September 15, 2003): 835–843.

Organizations

American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). 1931 North Meacham Road, Suite 100, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4360. .

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333. (800) 311-3435, (404) 639-3311. .

[Article by: Belinda Rowland; Rebecca J. Frey, PhD]

For more information on worm, visit Britannica.com.

In the context of veterinary science, endoparasitic helminths.

A worm is an elongated, fat, soft-bodied invertebrate (an animal that lacks a backbone). Some species of worms are so different from- even unrelated to- each other that they have not been classified under a single group.

Distribution and habitat

There are at least 20,000 kinds of worms. They are found almost all over the world. Worms are universal in distribution, occurring in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. Some worms that live in the ground help to condition the soil (e.g., annelids, aschelminths). Many thrive as parasites of plants (e.g., aschelminths) and animals, including humans (e.g., platyhelminths, aschelminths). Several other worms may be free-living, or nonparasitic. There are worms that live in freshwater, seawater, and even on the seashore. Ecologically, worms form an important link in the food chains in virtually all the ecosystems of the world.

Classification

In everyday language, the term worm is also applied to various other living forms such as larvae, insects, centipedes, shipworms (teredo worms), or even some vertebrates (creatures with a backbone) such as blindworms. Worms can be divided into several groups, of which three are important:

• The first of these includes the flatworms. They have a flat, ribbon- or leaf-shaped body with a pair of eyes at the front. Some are parasites.
• The second group contains the threadworms, roundworms, and hookworms. Threadworms may be microscopic, such as the vinegar eelworm, or more than 1 meter (3 feet) long. They are found in damp earth, moss, decaying substances, fresh water, or salt water. Many are parasites. Some roundworms are also parasites. The Guinea worm, for example, gets under the skin of the feet and legs of people living in tropical countries.
• The third group consists of the segmented worms, with bodies divided into segments, or rings. Among these are the earthworms and the bristle worms of the sea.

There are hundreds of thousands of species that live in a wide variety of habitats other than soil. Over time this broad definition narrowed to the modern definition, although this still includes several different animal groups. Major phyla that include worms include:

An earthworm

• Acanthocephala (spiny-headed worms)
• Ancylostoma (hook worms)
• Annelida (segmented worms)
• Cestoda (tapeworm)
• Chaetognatha (arrow worms)
• Ectoprocta (goblet worms)
• Gnathostomulid (jaw worms)
• Hemichordata (acorn/tongue worms)
• Kinorhyncha (spiny-crown worms)
• Nematoda (roundworms)
• Nematomorpha (horsehair worms)
• Nemertea (ribbonworms)
• Onychophora (velvet worms)
• Phoronida (horseshoe worms)
• Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
• Priapula (phallus worms)
• Sipuncula (peanut worms)
• Tapeworm {live in humans}

The most common worm is the earthworm, a member of phylum Annelida. Earthworms in general have been around for 120 million years, evolving during the time of the dinosaurs. They enrich and aerate the soil; Charles Darwin found that worms turn over the top six inches (15 cm) of topsoil every 20 years. One Australian species can grow to eleven feet (3 m) in length. They lack a brain but have nerve centers (called ganglia); they also lack eyes but can sense light with photoreceptors. Worms are hermaphrodites (both sexes in one animal) but can cross fertilize.

Other invertebrate groups may be called worms, especially colloquially. In particular, many unrelated insect larvae are called "worms", such as the railroad worm, woodworm, glowworm, bloodworm, or silkworm.

Worms may also be called helminths, particularly in medical terminology when referring to parasitic worms, especially the Nematoda (roundworms) and Cestoda (tapeworms). Hence "helminthology" is the study of parasitic worms. When an animal, such as a dog, is said to "have worms", it means that it is infested with parasitic worms, typically roundworms or tapeworms.

Characteristics

Paragordius tricuspidatus (Nematomorpha)

Worms usually have a cylindrical, flattened, or leaf-like body shape and are often without any true limbs or appendages. Instead, they may have bristles or fins that help them move. Many worms have sense organs that can detect environmental change. A few may even have light-sensing organs. Worms vary in size from less than 1 mm (0.04 inch) in certain aschelminths to more than 30 m (100 feet) in certain ribbon worms.

Some worms reproduce sexually. Hermaphroditism, the condition in which a single individual possesses both male and female reproductive parts, is common in many groups of worms. Asexual reproduction, whereby new individuals develop from the body cells of another, also occurs in some worms.

Worm species differ in their abilities to move about on their own. Many species have bodies with no major muscles, and cannot move on their own — they must be moved by forces or other animals in their environment. Many other species have bodies with major muscles and can move on their own; they are a type of muscular hydrostat. Many species of worms are decomposers; they break down dead plants and animals to return nutrients to the soil.

See also

• Worm cast
• Worm charming

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
n. - orm, kryb, snekke, skruegænge
v. tr. - orme, lirke, liste, rense
v. intr. - sno sig, krybe, kravle

idioms:

• even a worm will turn    selv den sagtmodigste kan man plage så længe at han bider fra sig
• worm one's way    orme sig vej, lirke sig vej
• worm out of    lirke sig ud af

abbr. - Write Once, Read Many; optisk diskette til lagring

Nederlands (Dutch)
worm, wormwiel, ontwormen, kruipen

Français (French)
n. - (Zool) ver, (Méd, Vét) ver (intestinal), vermine (fam), (Comput) disque inscriptible une seule fois, (Comput) virus, (Tech) vis sans fin
v. tr. - (Méd, Vét) donner un vermifuge à, (lit) se faufiler (le long de), (fig) s'insinuer (dans)
v. intr. - ramper, avancer en rampant, (fig) s'insinuer dans, ruser

idioms:

• even a worm will turn    en avoir assez de se faire marcher dessus
• worm one's way    gagner les bonnes grâces de qn
• worm out of    arracher à (qn) (vérité)

abbr. - (abrév = write-once read-many), (Comput) disque optique qui ne peut être modifié une fois enregistré

Deutsch (German)
n. - Wurm
v. - sich schlängeln, entwurmen, sich einschleichen, herausholen aus, (mar.) schladden

idioms:

• even a worm will turn    auch der Wurm krümmt sich, wenn er getreten wird
• worm one's way    sich winden, sich zwängen
• worm out of    aus jmdm. herausbringen

abbr. - (EDV) WORM-Computerspeichermodul

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (ζωολ., μτφ.) σκουλήκι, σπείρωμα κοχλία (κν. πάσο)
v. - απαλλάσσω από σκουλήκια, ξεσκουληκιάζω, έρπω, σέρνομαι, τρυπώνω

idioms:

• even a worm will turn    έχει και η υπομονή όρια
• worm one's way    σέρνομαι
• worm out of    αποσπώ (πληροφορίες) με συνεχείς ερωτήσεις

Italiano (Italian)
verme, strisciare

idioms:

• a can of worms    un serio pasticcio
• even a worm will turn    la pazienza ha un limite
• worm out of    carpire
• worm your way    insinuarsi

Português (Portuguese)
n. - minhoca (f), (fig.) miserável, serpentina (f) (Quím.)
v. - rastejar, obter ardilosamente

idioms:

• a can of worms    um verdadeiro ninho de vespas
• even a worm will turn    qualquer um reage
• worm out of    arrancar
• worm your way    avançar, descer

Русский (Russian)
червь, глист, гусеница, личинка, ничтожный человек, червячный винт, змеевик, ползти, пробираться ползком, вползать, очищать от червей, гнать глистов, копать червей

idioms:

• a can of worms    запутанное дело, куча неприятностей, "черт ногу сломит"
• even a worm will turn    "всякому терпению приходит конец"
• worm out of    выпытать, разузнать, отделаться, вытеснить, заполучить (что-л.), спихнуть
• worm your way    пробираться ползком, с трудом пробираться, примазываться

Español (Spanish)
n. - gusano, lombriz, tornillo sin fin, rosca
v. tr. - librar de gusanos o lombrices, quitar, entrañar
v. intr. - arrastrarse o deslizarse como un gusano

idioms:

• even a worm will turn    cuando la paciencia se agota o tiene un límite
• worm one's way    colarse, pasar arrastrándose
• worm out of    sonsacar, arrancar con artimañas

abbr. - WORM (tipo de dispositivo de memoria)

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - mask, larv, kryp, stackare, gängning, spiralrör
v. - slingra sig, lirka, pressa, rensa mask

中文（简体） (Chinese (Simplified))
复制保护程序

虫, 蚯蚓, 蠕虫, 使蠕行, 除虫, 慢慢地走, 蠕行, 慢慢前进

idioms:

• even a worm will turn    逼人太甚必有反抗
• worm one's way    慢慢地或悄悄地行进
• worm out of    把...挤出, 排挤

中文（繁體） (Chinese (Traditional))
abbr. - 複製保護程式

n. - 蟲, 蚯蚓, 蠕蟲
v. tr. - 使蠕行, 除蟲, 慢慢地走
v. intr. - 蠕行, 慢慢前進

idioms:

• even a worm will turn    逼人太甚必有反抗
• worm one's way    慢慢地或悄悄地行進
• worm out of    把...擠出, 排擠

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 벌레, 벌레 같은 인간, 고통의 원인
v. tr. - 서서히 나아가다, 점점 기어 들어가게 하다, (비밀 따위를) 캐내다
v. intr. - 송충이처럼 움직이다, 교묘히 빌붙다, (금속 따위 겉면에) 금이 가다

idioms:

• worm out of    곤란 할 때 물러나다, (약속을) 어기다, (문제에서) 몰래 도망치다

abbr. - write once, read many(한 번 적고 여러 번 읽어라-컴퓨터의 메모리 장치의 한 형태)

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 虫, 寄生虫, 寄生虫病, 苦痛の種, 虫けら同様の人間, 虐げられた人, 虫様構造, ねじ
v. - 徐々に進める, はい込ませる, から寄生虫を除く, 虫を駆除する, うまく取り入る, はうように進む, 這う

idioms:

• a can of worms    やっかいな問題, 複雑な事情
• can of worms    難問題
• worm out of    から退く
• worm your way    くねくね進む

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) دودة, حشرة, داء الديدان, أسنان اللولب (فعل) يتمعج, يتسلل, يتملص‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮תולעת, שלשול, תולעת-אדם, שפל, פחדן, תבריג, הברגה‬
v. tr. - ‮תילע, השמיד/הרחיק תולעים, חדר‬
v. intr. - ‮זחל, הזדחל, התפתל‬
abbr. - ‮כתוב פעם - קרא פעמים רבות (מיתקן-זיכרון מיוחד במחשב)‬

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