A yearling. Bulls are yearling bulls, heifers yearling heifers
(or just heifers). Steers are often just called steers, sometimes
yearling steers if you want to be more precise.
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A yearling can be a male or female.
A yearling, as defined by wikipedia, is an animal that is a year
old.
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I adopted a yearling colt last spring and have been training him ever since.