| Yibna | ||
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  Yibna
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| Arabic | يبنى | |
| Also Spelled | Jabneel, Iamnia, Jamnia | |
| District | Ramla | |
| Coordinates | 31°51′57.50″N 34°44′46.75″E / 31.865972°N 34.7463194°ECoordinates: 31°51′57.50″N 34°44′46.75″E / 31.865972°N 34.7463194°E | |
| Population | 5,420 (1945) | |
| Area | 59,554 dunums | |
| Date of depopulation | 4 June 1948[1] | |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Jewish forces | |
| Secondary cause | Expulsion by Israeli forces | |
| Current localities | Yavne[2] | |
Yibna (Arabic: يبنى, in Biblical times, Jabneel, in Roman times, Iamnia, Jamnia, or Yavne, and in the Crusades, Ibelin) was a Palestinian village of over 5,420 inhabitants, located 15 kilometers southwest of Ramla.[3]
The village was taken by Israeli forces on 4 June 1948. According to Palestineremembered.com, its inhabitants were expelled and became refugees.[3]
Contents |
History
Antiquity, Muslim and Ottoman, British Mandate rule
The Muslim historian al-Biladhuri mentions Yibna as one of ten towns in Jund Filastin conquered by the Rashidun army led by 'Amr ibn al-'As in the early 7th century. [4]
Ya'qubi, writing in the ninth century, said that Yubna was "An ancient city of Palestine. It is built on a hill. .. It is inhabited by Samaritans."[5]
Al-Muqaddasi, writing around 985, said that "Yubna has a beautiful mosque. From this place come the excellent figs known by the name of Damascene."[6] Yaqut wrote that in Yubna there was a tomb said to be that of Abu Hurairah, the companion (sahaba) of the Prophet. The author of Marasid also adds that tomb seen here is also said to be that of ´Abd Allah ibn Abi Sarh, another companion (sahaba) of the Prophet.[5]
A mosque built in 1386 and three of the hundreds of houses that made up the village survived its subsequent destruction.[3]
In 1596, Yibna was part of the Ottoman Empire, nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza under the liwa' (district) of Gaza with a population of 710. It paid taxes on a number of crops, including wheat, barley, summer crops, sesame seeds and fruits, as well as goats, beehives and vineyards.[7]
The American missionary, William Thomson, visited Yibna in 1834 and described it as a village situated on a hill, with about 3,000 Muslim residents who worked in agriculture. He also said that an inscription on the mosque of Yibna indicated that it was built in 1386.[8][9]
In the late nineteenth century, the Yibna was described as a large village partly built of stone and situated on a hill. It had olive trees and corn to the north, and gardens nearby.[10]
In 1921, an elementary school for boys was founded in Yibna. By 1941-42 it had 445 students. A school for girls was founded in 1943, and by 1948 it had 44 students.[11]
In 1944/45 the village had a population of 5,420, in additon to 1,500 nomads living around the village. A total of 6,468 dunums of village land was used for citrus and bananas, 15,124 dunums were used for cereals, and 11,091 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards, of which 25 dunums were planted with olive trees.[12][13]
1948, and after
The Israeli localities of Yavne (1941) and Bayt Rabban (1946) were built on what was traditionally village land. In 1949 the settlements of Yavne (126142), Kefar ha-Nagid and Bayt Gamli'el were established on village land. In 1950 Ben Zakkay was founded, followed by Kefar Aviv (originally: "Kefar ha-Ye´or") in 1951. Finally, Tzofiyya was founded on village land in 1955. Kerem Yavne, an educational institution, was founded on village land.[14]
Walid Khalidi describes Yibna's remaining structures as follows:
"A railroad crosses the village. The dilapidated mosque and minaret, together with a shrine, still remain. At least two of the remaining houses are used by Jewish families and one by an Arab family. One of the houses occupied by Jews is made of concrete; from its flat roof rise an electricity-post and a TV antenna. The other has a gabled roof. The house in which the Arab family lives is quite small and deteriorating; it has a tiled, slanted roof. Nearby is a nonfunctioning well with a circular mouth. A half-cylindrical stone structure is built on a segment of the well and is enclosed by a stone wall at one end."
An archeological dig in modern day Yavne remarked on three wall segments in Square C that "should probably be ascribed to the buildings of the Arab village Yibna that existed until 1948," alongside "An unguentarium dating to the Early Roman period..."[15] In Square A, where artifacts from the Byzantine and Roman eras were found, it is noted that "part of the Arab village at Yibna also extended on top of the cemetery and refuse pits from the Byzantine period to the foot of the tell."[15]
People from Yibna
- Ibrahim al-Makadmeh,
- Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, a political spokesperson for Hamas, family from Yibna.
- Yousef an-Najjar, one of Fatah's founders, born in Yibna.
See also
- List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War
- Palestinian cultural club
References
- ^ Morris, 2004, p.xix, village #255. Also gives the cause(s) for depopulation
- ^ Morris, 2004, p.xxi, settlement #75
- ^ a b c "Welcome to Yiba". Palestine Remembered. http://www.palestineremembered.com/al-Ramla/Yibna/. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
- ^ The conquered towns included "Ghazzah (Gaza), Sabastiyah (Samaria), Nabulus (Shechem), Kaisariyyah (Cæsarea), Ludd (Lydda), Bayt Jibrin, Amwas (Emmaus), Yafa (Joppa), Rafah, and Yibna. (Bil. 138), quoted in le Strange, 1890, p.28
- ^ a b le Strange, 1890, p.553
- ^ Muk.176, quoted in le Strange, 1890, p.553
- ^ Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter and Kamal Abdulfattah (1977), Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. p. 143. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 421
- ^ Thompson (1880), I:145-49. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.421
- ^ see also p 638 in W. M. Thomson (1861): The Land and the Book ; Or, Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery of the Holy Land
- ^ Conder, Claude Reignier and H.H. Kitchener: The Survey of Western Palestine. London:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. (1881) II:414. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.421
- ^ Khalidi, 1992, p.421
- ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 421
- ^ Hadawi, 1970, p.117
- ^ Khalidi, 1992, p 423
- ^ a b Aviva Buchennino (08/01/2006). "Yavne". Hadashot Arkheologiyot (Israeli Antiquities Authority). http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?search=&id=293&mag_id=111. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
Bibliography
- Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html
- Khalidi, Walid (1992). All that Remains. Washington DC: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0887282245.
- le Strange, Guy (1890), Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500, Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund, http://www.archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft
- Morris, Benny (2004): The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521009677
- Petersen, Andrew (2002). A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780197270110. http://www.amazon.com/dp/0197270115. (Yibna; p. 313 -319 )
- Pringle, Denys (1997), Secular buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: an archaeological Gazetter, Cambridge University Press, http://books.google.ca/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC p.108
- Noy Velednizki (2004): Yavne Final Report Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel, No.116
- Ofer Sion (2005): Tel Yavne Final Report Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel, No.117
- Raz Kletter (2004): Yavne Final Report, Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel, No.118
External links
- Welcome to Yibna
- Yibna at Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
- Yousef Al Hums: 60 Years and Counting, WREMEA, May-June 2008
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