An estrogenic substance produced during the fermentation of stored grain by the fungus Fusarium graminearum. The effects of the toxin are enlargement of the external somatic addenda, infertility and death of the newborn. See also zeranol.
Zearalenone
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| Zearalenone | |
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| IUPAC name |
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| Other names | Mycotoxin F2 |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [] |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C18H22O5 |
| Molar mass | 318.36 g mol−1 |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references |
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Zearalenone (ZEA), also known as RAL and F-2 mycotoxin, is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Fusarium species.
Several Fusarium species produce toxic substances of considerable concern to livestock and poultry producers: namely, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and zearalenone
Zearalenone is the primary toxin causing infertility, abortion or other breeding problems, especially in swine.
Zearalenone is heat-stable and is found worldwide in a number of cereal crops, such as maize, barley, oats, wheat, rice, and sorghum[1] and also in bread.
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Chemical and physical properties
Zearalenone is a white crystalline solid. It exhibits blue-green fluorescence when excited by long wavelength UV light (360) and a more intense green fluorescence when excited with short wavelength UV light (260 nm). In methanol, UV absorption maxima occur at 236 (e =29,700), 274 (e =13,909) and 316 (e =6,020). Maximum fluorescence in ethanol occurs with irradiation at 314nm and with emission at 450nm. Solubility in water is about 0.002g/100ml. It is slightly soluble in hexane and progressively more so in benzene, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, methanol, ethanol and acetone. It is also soluble in aqueous alkali.
Sampling and analysis
In common with other mycotoxins sampling food commodities for zearalenone must be carried out to obtain samples representative of the consignment under test. Commonly used extraction solvents are aqueous mixtures of methanol, acetonitrile or ethyl acetate followed by a range of different clean-up procedures that depend in part on the food and on the detection method in use. TLC methods and HPLC are commonly used. HPLC alone in not sufficient as it may often yield false positive results.
The TLC method for zearalenone is: normal phase silica gel plates, the eluent: 90% dichloromethane, 10% v/v acetone; or reverse phase C18 silica plates; the eluent: 90% v/v methanol, 10% water. Zearalenone gives unmistakable blue luminiscence under UV.[2]
References
- ^ Kuiper-Goodman et al., 1987; Tanaka et al., 1988a
- ^ Zearalenone, fermentek.co.il
External links
- Detailed information about mycotoxins
- INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY review on Zearalenone
- MSDS Zearalenone safety data sheet
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
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 | zeranol |
| resorcylic acid lactones |
| mycotoxins |
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 | Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Zearalenone". Read more |
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