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Ze'ev Jabotinsky

 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Vladimir Jabotinsky
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(born 1880, Odessa, Russian Empire — died Aug. 3, 1940, near Hunter, N.Y., U.S.) Russian Zionist leader and founder of the Zionist Revisionist movement. He became a popular journalist and editorialist and by 1903 was expounding Zionism. In 1920 he organized and led Hagana, a Jewish militia. A Revisionist Zionist, he passionately advocated a Jewish state in an area both west and east of the Jordan River. See also Irgun Zvai Leumi.

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Biography: Vladimir Evgenevich Jabotinsky
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Vladimir Evgenevich Jabotinsky (1880-1940) led the Revisionist Zionist party. He fought for a Jewish state extending on both sides of the Jordan River.

Vladimir Jabotinsky was born on Oct. 18, 1880, in Odessa, the Jewish cultural center of southern Russia. He received his elementary and secondary education in Russian schools and showed special gifts in languages and literature. He learned Russian, English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Polish, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and Yiddish. He started his literary career at the age of 18 as a foreign correspondent of Odessky Listok in Bern and Rome. In 1901 he returned to Russia and, after the 1903 pogrom in Kishinev, became an active member of the Zionist movement. Under his influence Jewish defense groups started to organize in Russia to avoid repetition of the earlier pogroms. In 1904 he was a delegate to the Sixth Zionist Congress, and in 1906 he was active in the conference of Russian Jewry at Helsinki. In 1909 he represented the Executive of the World Zionist Organization in Constantinople to establish contact with a new Turkish regime. With his mission completed in 1910, he returned to Russia and devoted himself to the fight against assimilation and for Hebrew as the language of instruction in Jewish schools.

When World War I started, Jabotinsky was in western Europe as a correspondent of Russkiya Vyedomosti. In opposition to the official Zionist leaders, who remained neutral, he insisted on active Jewish participation in the Allied conquest of Palestine. As a result of his agitation, the first Jewish military unit, the Zion Mule Corps, was accepted by the British and sent to the Gallipoli front. In 1917 Jabotinsky succeeded in forming three Jewish battalions, which were sent to Palestine and participated, as the Jewish Legion, in the conquest of Palestine.

With the establishment of the British administration in Palestine, in 1920 Jabotinsky directed underground Jewish activity against Arab rioters. He was sentenced by the British authorities to 15 years at hard labor; the sentence was commuted to a year, however, and he was banished from Palestine. In 1921 Jabotinsky joined the Executive of the World Zionist Organization. In opposition to Chaim Weizmann, Jabotinsky demanded a militant Jewish stand against the British policy in Palestine and the Churchill White Paper. He resigned in 1923 from the Executive and devoted himself entirely to the organization of the Union of the Revisionist Zionists, whose goal was transformation of Palestine, by unlimited immigration, into a Jewish state. Becoming convinced that the Executive was destroying Zionism, he later left the World Zionist Organization; the majority of the Revisionists followed him and organized the New Zionist Organization in 1935. He settled in London, where he fought against the partition plan of the Peel Commission of Palestine, against compromise with the mandatory authorities, and against the policy of self-restraint of the Haganah in the face of growing Arab violence.

At the beginning of World War II, Jabotinsky went to the United States, where he was active on behalf of the Jewish communities under Hitler. He died suddenly on Aug. 3, 1940. He was buried in New York but, according to his wishes, his body was later buried in Israel.

In addition to being a statesman, Jabotinsky was also a linguist, orator, editor, and journalist. He wrote several books, among them War and the Jew, in which he claimed that the only solution for the Jewish problem is the liquidation of the Jewish communities outside Palestine and mass immigration to Palestine.

Further Reading

A full-length study of Jabotinsky is Joseph B. Schechtman, The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story (2 vols., 1956-1961).

Additional Sources

Katz, Shmuel, Lone wolf: a biography of Vladimir Jabotinsky, New York: Barricade Books, 1995.

Nedava, Joseph, Vladimir Jabotinsky, the man and his struggles, Tel Aviv: Jabotinsky Institute of Israel, 1986.

Schechtman, Joseph B., The life and times of Vladimar Jabotinsky, Silver Spring, MD: Eshel Books, 1986.

 
Columbia Encyclopedia: Vladimir Jabotinsky
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Jabotinsky, Vladimir (yăb'ətĭn'skē), 1880-1940, Jewish Zionist leader, b. Russia. A fiery orator and an accomplished writer in several languages, he was a militant Zionist and a persistent advocate of Jewish self-defense against pogroms in Russia. He formed the first Jewish self-defense unit in Palestine during the clashes with the Arabs in 1920; this brought him into open conflict with the British. He strongly condemned the official policy of the Zionist organization, charging it with weakness and appeasement of the British in Palestine. In 1925 he founded the Zionist Revisionist organization, which advocated large-scale Jewish immigration into Palestine and the creation of a Jewish state on both sides of the Jordan River. At the beginning of World War II he worked for the creation of a Jewish army. He was the author of several books, including The Story of the Jewish Legion (tr. 1945).

Bibliography

See biography by J. B. Schechtman (2 vol., 1956-61).

Mideast & N. Africa Encyclopedia: Vladimir Zeʾev Jabotinsky
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1880 - 1940

Founder and leader of Zionism's Revisionist movement.

Vladimir Zeʾev Jabotinsky was a man whose talents, charismatic personality, and Revisionist movement attracted a large and passionate following and polarized Zionism. Born in Odessa on 18 October 1880, he studied law in Switzerland and Italy. He became a journalist at a young age, serving as a correspondent for Russian dailies writing under the pseudonym "Altalena." He was a prolific writer and essayist in several languages. He wrote the historical novel Samson the Nazarite (1926) as well as numerous short stories, poems, songs, plays, and political and
autobiographical tracts. He translated Hebrew poetry into Russian and translated Dante Alighieri's Inferno into Hebrew, and he was the author of Hebrew dictionaries and textbooks. He continued his literary work even as he became a major political leader.

Following the Kishinev pogroms of 1903, Jabotinsky became a leading figure in Russian Zionism and a strong advocate of Jewish self-defense. With the onset of World War I, he sided with Britain and lobbied for the creation of a Jewish Legion within the British Army. He saw the Legion as a means for furthering the Zionist cause by linking it to British aspirations in the Middle East. The creation of the Legion was announced in 1917, and in 1918, Lieutenant Jabotinsky entered Jerusalem with his Legionnaires as part of General Edmund Allenby's army. To his dismay, Britain disbanded the Jewish Legion at war's end. Jabotinsky helped lead the Yishuv's resistance to Arab rioters in Jerusalem in April 1920, and following the riots he was arrested by the British and sentenced to fifteen years in prison. After intense lobbying by the Zionist leadership, High Commissioner Herbert Samuel granted amnesty, and upon Jabotinsky's release from jail he received a hero's welcome in the Yishuv.

From 1921 to 1923, Jabotinsky served as an increasingly controversial member of the Zionist Executive. He publicly criticized official Zionist policy for being overly moderate in pursuit of Zionist goals. In January 1923, he resigned from the Executive. From this point onward he would be a polarizing figure, adored by his followers and despised by his detractors. Jabotinsky had long demanded that the World Zionist Organization (WZO) openly declare the final aim of Zionism to be the establishment of a Jewish state with a Jewish majority on both sides of the Jordan River, to be facilitated by massive, unlimited immigration. According to Jabotinsky, Zionism should return to the grand political vision of Theodor Herzl and reject the incremental Zionism embraced by Chaim Weizmann and the socialism of the Labor movement. He also wanted the Mandate to be "revised" to its original, pre-1922 status that included Transjordan as part of Palestine. These demands became the platform of Revisionist Zionism.

The Revisionist movement was composed of three main organizations, all headed - at least symbolically - by Jabotinsky: a political party, a youth movement, and an underground military organization. Jabotinsky founded the party, the Union of Zionist Revisionists (ha-Histadrut ha-Zionit ha-Revisionistit, or ha-Zohar), on 25 April 1925 in Paris. He led the party until his death. Betar (Brit Trumpeldor) was Jabotinsky's youth movement. It began its activities in Riga in 1923. Betar's primary emphasis was on formal military training and discipline. Jabotinsky defined Betar's values and structure to the smallest details, wrote its charter and anthem, designed its brown-shirt uniform, and served as its spiritual and organizational leader. Many Betarim, including Menachem Begin, eventually made their way into the Irgun Zvaʾi Leʾumi, the militant underground founded in 1937 and inspired by Jabotinsky's ideas and positions. Although Jabotinsky was technically its "supreme commander," he was able to exert only limited control over the Irgun from its inception.

Jabotinsky believed that the Arabs would never accept the Zionist project, and he proposed that an "iron wall" be constructed to drive home to them the inevitability of the Jewish state. The British accused the Revisionists of provoking the Arab riots of 1929, and Jabotinsky was barred from reentering Palestine. From 1929 until his death in 1940, he would never again set foot in the country, a fact that greatly hindered the success of his movement in the Yishuv. But despite his strong criticism of British anti-Zionist policies, Jabotinsky maintained a pro-British orientation. He believed that Zionist goals meshed with Britain's own interests and that once the British were convinced of this they would live up to the promises of the Balfour Declaration and the Mandate.

Jabotinsky tried but failed to get the WZO to adopt the Revisionist program at the biannual Zionist Congresses. He denounced Labor's call for class struggle and argued that Zionism should focus on the needs of the Jewish nation in its entirety, and everything else, including class and the individual, should be subordinated to the nation. His rhetoric was often similar to Benito Mussolini's and his followers were denounced by Laborites as "Jewish fascists." The animosity between Revisionists and Labor Zionists occasionally led to physical clashes, and in October 1934, Jabotinsky and David BenGurion met in London to discuss a rapprochement. The resulting accords were angrily rejected in a Labor referendum in March 1935. In April, Jabotinsky and his party withdrew from the WZO and founded the New Zionist Organization (NZO). Following this act, support for Revisionism declined within the broader Zionist movement.

Jabotinsky died on 4 August 1940 while visiting a Betar camp in New York. Many of his positions that were rejected as "extremist" during the 1920s and 1930s became part of mainstream Zionism by the 1940s, including the open demand for a Jewish state with a Jewish majority and unlimited immigration. Jabotinsky was the intellectual and political father of the Zionist right. Begin called himself "Jabotinsky's disciple," although the two men openly disagreed on tactics. Jabotinsky's territorial maximalism and rejection of any partition of Eretz Yisrael can be found in several contemporary Israeli parties and movements.

Bibliography

Cohen, Mitchell. Zion and State: Nation, Class and the Shaping ofModern Israel. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.

Jabotinsky Institute in Israel. "Biography." Available from http://www.jabotinsky.org.

Schechtman, Joseph B. The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, Vol. 1: Rebel and Statesman: The Early Years. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1956.

Schechtman, Joseph B. The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, Vol. 2: Fighter and Prophet: The Last Years. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961.

Shapiro, Yonathan. The Road to Power: Herut Party in Israel, translated by Ralph Mandel. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991.

Shavit, Yaacov. Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Movement,1925 - 1948. Totowa, NJ; London: Frank Cass, 1988.

— PIERRE M. ATLAS

Wikipedia: Ze'ev Jabotinsky
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Ze'ev Jabotinsky

Ze'ev Jabotinsky MBE (Hebrew: זאב ז'בוטינסקי‎), born Vladimir Yevgenyevich Zhabotinsky (Russian: Влади́мир Евге́ньевич Жаботи́нский) (born on October 18, 1880, died August 4, 1940) was a Revisionist Zionist leader, author, orator, soldier, and founder of the Jewish Self-Defense Organization in Odessa. He also helped form the Jewish Legion of the British army in World War I, and was a founder and early leader of the militant Zionist underground organization, Irgun.

Contents

Biography

Jabotinsky and his family

Born Vladimir Jabotinsky in Odessa, Russian Empire, he was raised in a Jewish middle-class home and educated in Russian schools. While he took Hebrew lessons as a child, Jabotinsky wrote in his autobiography that his upbringing was divorced from Jewish faith and tradition.

Jabotinsky's talents as a journalist became apparent even before he finished high school. His first writings were published in Odessa newspapers when he was 16. Upon graduation he was sent to Bern, Switzerland and later to Italy as a reporter for the Russian press. He wrote under the pseudonym "Altalena" (the Italian word for 'swing'; see also Altalena Affair). While abroad, he also studied law at the University of Rome, but it was only upon his return to Russia that he qualified as an attorney. His dispatches from Italy earned him recognition as one of the brightest young Russian-language journalists: he later edited newspapers in Russian, Yiddish, and Hebrew. He married Jeanne in late 1907. They had one child, Ari Jabotinsky, who was a member of the Irgun-inspired Bergson Group; Ari died after the Six Day War in 1969.

Zionist activism

After the Kishinev pogrom of 1903, Jabotinsky joined the Zionist movement, where he soon became known as a powerful speaker and an influential leader. With more pogroms looming on the horizon, Jabotinsky established the Jewish Self-Defense Organization, a Jewish militant group, to safeguard Jewish communities throughout Russia. Jabotinsky became the source of great controversy in the Russian Jewish community as a result of these actions. Around this time, he set upon himself the goal of learning modern Hebrew, and took a Hebrew name—Vladimir became Ze'ev ("wolf"). During the pogroms, he organized self-defense units in Jewish communities across Russia and fought for the civil rights of the Jewish population as a whole. His slogan was, "better to have a gun and not need it than to need it and not have it!" Another call to arms was, "Jewish youth, learn to shoot!" That year Jabotinsky was elected as a Russian delegate to the Sixth Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland. After Herzl's death in 1904 he became the leader of the right-wing Zionists. In 1906 he was one of the chief speakers at the Russian Zionist Helsingfors Conference in Helsinki, which called upon the Jews of Europe to engage in Gegenwartsarbeit (work in the present) and to join together to demand autonomy for the ethnic minorities in Russia.[1] He remained loyal to this Liberal approach scores of years later with respect to the Arab citizens of the future Jewish State: "Each one of the ethnic communities will be recognized as autonomous and equal in the eyes of the law."[1] In 1909 he fiercely criticized leading members of the Russian Jewish community for participating in ceremonies marking the centennial of the Russian writer Nikolai Gogol. In view of Gogol's anti-Semitic views, he said, it was unseemly for Russian Jews to take part in these ceremonies; it showed they had no Jewish self-respect.[citation needed]

Military career

Lt Jabotinsky in uniform 38th RF
Badge of Members of the Order of the British Empire, obverse and reverse

During World War I, he conceived the idea of establishing a Jewish Legion to fight alongside the British against the Ottomans who then controlled Palestine. In 1915, together with Joseph Trumpeldor, a one-armed veteran of the Russo-Japanese War, he created the Zion Mule Corps, which consisted of several hundred Jewish men, mainly Russians, who had been exiled from Palestine by the Turks and had settled in Egypt. The unit served with distinction in the Battle of Gallipoli. When the Zion Mule Corps was disbanded, Jabotinsky traveled to London, where he continued his efforts to establish Jewish units to fight in Palestine as part of the British Army. Although Jabotinsky did not serve with the Zion Mule Corps, Trumpeldor, Jabotinsky and 120 V.M.C. did serve in Platoon 16/20th Battalion of the London Regiment. In 1917, the government agreed to establish three Jewish Battalions, initiating the Jewish Legion. Jabotinsky soldiered in the Jordan Valley in 1918 and was decorated for bravery.[2] As an officer in the 38th Royal Fusiliers, Jabotinsky fought with General Allenby in 1917, and was decorated with the MBE for heading the first company to cross the River Jordan into Palestine.[3]

Jewish self-defense

After Ze'ev Jabotinsky was discharged from the British Army in September 1919, he openly trained Jews in self-defense and the use of small arms. After the 1920 Palestine riots, at the demand of the Arab leadership, the British searched the offices and apartments of the Zionist leadership, including Weizmann's and Jabotinsky's homes, for arms. In Jabotinsky's house they found 3 rifles, 2 pistols, and 250 rounds of ammunition. Nineteen men were arrested, including Jabotinsky.

A committee of inquiry placed responsibility for the riots on the Zionist Commission, for provoking the Arabs. Jabotinsky was given a 15-year prison term for possession of weapons. The court blamed 'Bolshevism,' claiming that it 'flowed in Zionism's inner heart' and ironically identified the fiercely anti-Socialist Jabotinsky with the Socialist-aligned Poalei Zion ('Zionist Workers') party, which it called 'a definite Bolshevist institution.'[4] Following the public outcry against the verdict, he received amnesty and was released from Acre prison.

Founder of the Revisionist movement

In 1920, Jabotinsky was elected to the first Assembly of Representatives in Palestine. The following year he was elected to the executive council of the World Zionist Organization. He quit the latter group in 1923, however, due to differences of opinion between him and its chairman, Chaim Weizmann, and established the new revisionist party called Alliance of Revisionists-Zionists and its youth movement, Betar (a Hebrew acronym for the "League of Joseph Trumpeldor"). His new party demanded that the Zionist movement recognize as its objective the establishment of a Jewish state along both banks of the Jordan River. His main goal was to establish a modern Jewish state with the help and aid of the British Empire. His philosophy contrasted with the socialist oriented Labor Zionists, in that it focused its economic and social policy on the ideal of the Jewish Middle class in Europe. An Anglophile, his ideal for a Jewish state was a form of nation state based loosely on the British imperial model, whose waning self-confidence he deplored.[5] His support base was mostly located in Poland, and his activities focused on attaining British support to help in the development of the Yishuv. Another area of major support for Jabotinsky was Latvia, where his fiery speeches in Russian made an impression on the largely Russian-speaking Latvian Jewish community.

Exiled by the British

Ze'ev Jabotinsky during World War I.

In 1930, when Jabotinsky was visiting South Africa, he was informed by the British Colonial Office that he would not be allowed to return to Palestine.[6]

The movement he established was not a monolithic entity, but contained three separate factions, of which Jabotinsky's was the most moderate. Jabotinsky favored cooperation with the British, while more irredentistically-minded individuals like David Raziel, Abba Ahimeir, and Uri Zvi Greenberg focused on independent action in Mandate Palestine, fighting politically against Labor, the British Authorities, and retaliating against Arab attacks. During his time in exile, Jabotinsky started regarding Benito Mussolini as a potential ally against the British, and contacts were made with Italy. However, unlike the Maximalists, Jabotinsky never embraced fascism, instead wanting Palestine to become a democratic state.

Evacuation plan for the Jews of Poland, Hungary and Romania

During the 1930s, Jabotinsky was deeply concerned with the situation of the Jewish community in Eastern Europe, particularly Poland. In 1936, Jabotinsky prepared the so-called 'evacuation plan', which called for the evacuation of the entire Jewish population of Poland, Hungary and Romania to Palestine. Also in 1936, he toured Eastern Europe, meeting with the Polish Foreign Minister Colonel Józef Beck; the Regent of Hungary, Admiral Miklós Horthy, and Prime Minister Gheorghe Tătărescu of Romania to discuss the evacuation plan. The plan gained the approval of all three governments, but caused considerable controversy within Polish Jewry, on the grounds that it played into the hands of Polish anti-Semites. In particular, the fact that the 'evacuation plan' had the approval of the Polish government was taken by many Polish Jews as indicating Jabotinsky had gained the endorsement of what they considered to be the wrong people. The evacuation of Jewish communities in Poland, Hungary and Romania was to take place over a ten-year period. However, the controversy was rendered moot when the British government vetoed it, and the World Zionist Organization's chairman, Chaim Weizmann, dismissed it. Two years later, in 1938, Jabotinsky stated in a speech that Polish Jews 'were living on the edge of the volcano' and warned that a wave of bloody super-pogroms would be happening in Poland sometime in the near future. Jabotinsky went on to warn Jews in Europe that they should leave for Palestine as soon as possible.

Belief in integrating the Arab minority

Jabotinsky was a complex personality, combining cynicism and idealism. He was convinced that there was no way for the Jews to regain any part of Palestine without opposition from the Arabs, but he also believed that the Jewish state could be a home for Arab citizens.[7] In 1934 he wrote a draft constitution for the Jewish state which declared that the Arab minority would be on an equal footing with its Jewish counterpart "throughout all sectors of the country's public life." The two communities would share the state's duties, both military and civil service, and enjoy its prerogatives. Jabotinsky proposed that Hebrew and Arabic should enjoy equal rights and that "in every cabinet where the prime minister is a Jew, the vice-premiership shall be offered to an Arab and vice versa."[8]

Death

Grave of Jabotinsky, Mount Herzl, Jerusalem

Jabotinsky died of a heart attack in New York, on August 4, 1940, while visiting an armed Jewish self-defense camp run by Betar. He was buried in New Montefiore cemetery in New York rather than in Palestine, in accordance with the statement in his will, "I want to be buried outside Palestine, may NOT be transferred to Palestine unless by order of that country's eventual Jewish government."

Initially, after the State of Israel was established, the governments headed by Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion did not make such a decision, but in 1964, shortly after becoming Prime Minister, Levi Eshkol ordered the reinterment of Jabotinsky and his wife in Jerusalem at Mount Herzl Cemetery. A monument to Jabotinsky remains at his original burial site in New York.

Legacy and commemoration

Ze'ev Jabotinsky's legacy is carried on today by Israel's Herut party (merged with other right wing parties to form the Likud in 1973), Herut – The National Movement (a breakaway from Likud), Magshimey Herut (young adult activist movement) and Betar (youth movement). In the United States, his call for Jewish self defense has led to the formation of Americans for a Safe Israel and the Jewish Defense Organization. The JDO's training camp is named Camp Jabotinsky. In Israel, there are more streets, parks and squares named after Jabotinsky than any other figure in Jewish or Israeli history.[9] The Jabotinsky Medal is awarded for distinguished service to the State of Israel, and most Israeli cities have streets named after him. On 11 August 2008 left wing Israeli Education Minister Yuli Tamir announced plans to remove Jabotinsky's work from the Israeli national education curriculum.[10]

Works

Books

By Jabotinsky
  • Turkey and the War, London, T.F. Unwin, Ltd. [1917]
  • Samson the Nazarite, London: M. Secker, [1930]
  • The War and The Jew, New York, The Dial Press [c1942]
  • The Story of the Jewish Legion, New York, B. Ackerman, incorporated [c1945]
  • The Battle for Jerusalem. Vladimir Jabotinsky, John Henry Patterson, Josiah Wedgwood, Pierre Van Paassen explains why a Jewish army is indispensable for the survival of a Jewish nation and preservation of world civilization, American Friends of a Jewish Palestine, New York, The Friends, [1941]
  • A Pocket Edition of Several Stories Mostly Reactionary, Tel-Aviv: Reproduced by Jabotinsky Institute in Israel, [1984]. Reprint. Originally published: Paris, [1925]
  • The Five, A Novel of Jewish Life in Turn-of-the-Century Odessa
About Jabotinsky
  • Lone Wolf: a Biography of Vladimir (Ze'ev) Jabotinsky, by Shmuel Katz; New York: Barricade Books, [c1996]
  • The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, by Joseph B Schechtman; New York , T. Yoseloff [c. 1956-1961]
  • Zev Jabotinsky:Militant Fighter for Jews & Israel- Jewish Defense Organization booklet
  • Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Movement, 1925-1948, by Yaacov Shavit, London, England; Totawa, N.J.:F. Cass, [1988]
  • Zionism in the Age of the Dictators , Lenni Brenner, Lawrence Hill & Co; Rev Ed edition [c1983]
  • Vladimir Jabotinsky, Michael Stanislawski (Introduction), [2005] ISBN 978-0-8014-8903-7

Articles and poems

References

  1. ^ a b http://www.liberal.org.il/the_man.htm
  2. ^ "What role did the Jewish population play in World War I?". http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_ww1_jewish_role.php. 
  3. ^ http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern+History/Centenary+of+Zionism/Zionist+Leaders-+Ze-ev+Jabotinsky.htm
  4. ^ Tom Segev, One Palestine, Complete, Metropolitan Books, 1999. p.141
  5. ^ ‘England is becoming continental! Not long ago the prestige of the English ruler of the “colored” colonies stood very high. Hindus, Arabs, Malays were conscious of his superiority and obeyed, not unprotestingly, yet completely. The whole scheme of training of the future rulers was built on the principle “carry yourself so that the inferior will feel your unobtainable superiority in every motion”.’Jabotinsky, cited Lenni Brenner, The Iron Wall London, ch.7, 1984
  6. ^ http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=20846869665381
  7. ^ http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1138622548037&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter
  8. ^ Benny Morris's Reign of Error, Revisited: The Post-Zionist Critique - Middle East Quarterly
  9. ^ Jabotinsky most popular street name in Israel Ynetnews, 28 November 2007
  10. ^ Ha'aretz 11 august 2008 Tamir infuriates rightists by removing Jabotinsky from curriculum

External sources

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Quotes

Search Wikiquote Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Ze'ev Jabotinsky
  • “Internationally, we will announce that those Jews who do not remove the rust of the exile from themselves and refuse to shave their beard and sidelocks (payos) will be second class citizens. They will not be given the right to vote." (From "Outside the encampment" Ha'aretz Newspaper Oct 22, 1919)
  • "Our habit of constantly and zealously answering to any rabble has already done us a lot of harm and will do much more. ... We do not have to apologize for anything. We are a people as all other peoples; we do not have any intentions to be better than the rest. As one of the first conditions for equality we demand the right to have our own villains, exactly as other people have them. ... We do not have to account to anybody, we are not to sit for anybody's examination and nobody is old enough to call on us to answer. We came before them and will leave after them. We are what we are, we are good for ourselves, we will not change, nor do we want to." (From Instead of Excessive Apology, 1911)
  • "Eliminate the Diaspora, or the Diaspora will surely eliminate you." (From "Tisha B'av 1937")


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Mideast & N. Africa Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. Copyright © 2004 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
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