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Lev Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, proposed the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which suggests that children learn best when given tasks that are slightly above their current developmental level, with the help of more knowledgeable others.

The current issues affecting nursing practice are associated with the work environment which does not seem to be conducive. This is what is causing a high rate of nurse recruitments with a very low rate of retention.

Sociocultural theory, proposed by Lev Vygotsky, emphasizes the role of social interactions in cognitive development. According to this theory, children learn through discussions and interactions with more knowledgeable individuals, such as adults and older children. Vygotsky believed that these social interactions help children internalize knowledge and skills.

The zone of proximal development refers to the gap between a learner's current abilities and their potential development with guidance or support from a more skilled individual. Vygotsky believed that learning occurs within this zone, where learners can acquire new skills through collaboration and interaction with others who are more knowledgeable or experienced. In essence, the zone of proximal development highlights the importance of social interaction and scaffolding in learning and development.