The answer you are probably looking for is 1. water in a freezer. Particles in a solid have fixed positions. Rigid is perhaps a misleading word to use, however, as the particles are not still but vibrating around their fixed positions.
C2
transmission lines are generally 50hz or 60Hz if i recall correctly light and electricity go at about 186,000 miles/sec so to shift phase 360 degrees we need about 3200 miles of wire (exactly equal?) to avoid 90% or so ir losses.. or put another way the wire would cost a bit more than the power plant generally 200miles is the longest distance you will see between power source and load about a 0.0011 second delay or 22degree phase shift get your kicks on route 66 see if there is a sign: gas this exit next gas 180 miles see where the power comes from