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401k retirement plans offer contributions that are tax deductible, as well as taxable distributions and growth that is tax-deferred. Any type of business, whether it is a partnership, C Corporation, S Corporation, self-employed, or sole proprietorship can set up a 401k retirement plan.

Eligibility requirements are set by the company, within the range of certain guidelines, when the retirement plan is first established. The employer can keep people with under 1 year of service, non-U.S. citizen, union members, or part-time laborers from being eligible to participate in the plan.

Each individual is allowed to defer a certain percentage of their income into the 401k plan up to a certain maximum amount. Sometimes, officers of companies are restricted to a certain percentage of the other employees, who may be lesser compensated. In some cases, employers are required to contribute to the plan. Withdrawing funds before the age of 59 1/2 may incur a 10% penalty.

The company offering the 401k retirement plan acts as the plan sponsor, but has nothing to do with actually investing the funds. The plan sponsor would hire another company for purposes of administering the plan and the investments in it. A brokerage firm, insurance company, or mutual fund company may end up being the plan administrator.

The employer is tasked with sending payroll deductions to the 401k retirement plan. The employer is responsible for determining the investments among the ones being offered by the plan. Normally, a plan will offer several mutual funds investing in different sectors of the financial markets, or shares in the stock of the employer's company.

Plan participants can begin or end their contributions to a 401k plan during the year, as predetermined by the employer. The 401k plans are subject to discrimination testing. Plans can be swapped between one mutual fund and another or to a variable annuity. Sometimes, a 401k plan can be terminated and replaced by a more effective plan. Most plans are effectively able to offer a diverse basket of investment choices within variable annuities and mutual funds.

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