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Which part of the twisted ladder are analogous to the hydrogen bonds and sugar phosphate backbones of a double helix of DNA?
The Nucleotides and the hydrogen bonds.
What two things would happen if hydrogen bonds held the backbones together but covalent bonds held the templates together?
Hydrogen bonds are weak, but they are able to hold the backbones together. If covalent bonds held the templates together instead, the bonds would be even weaker and would likely break.
What type of bonding is found in DNA?
The bonding found in DNA is primarily hydrogen bonding. These hydrogen bonds form between complementary bases on the two DNA strands, holding the strands together in the iconic double helix structure. Additionally, there are also covalent bonds, specifically phosphodiester bonds, that link the individual nucleotides within each DNA strand.
What makes up the backbones of macromolecules?
In macromolecules, the backbones are primarily composed of repeating units called monomers that are linked together by covalent bonds. These monomers can be amino acids in proteins, nucleotides in nucleic acids, or sugars in carbohydrates. The specific arrangement and sequence of these monomers along the backbone determine the structure and function of the macromolecule.
What bonds hold together DNA?
The bonds that hold together DNA are hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs: adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). These base pairs form the "rungs" of the DNA double helix, which is stabilized by sugar-phosphate backbones of the DNA strands.
Do covalent bonds join DNA sugar phosphate backbones?
Yes, the sugar and phosphate that make up the DNA backbone are joined together with covalent bonds. These bonds are stronger than the hydrogen bonds which join the bases from different strands together.
Describe the two types of secondary protein structure and explain the role of hydrogen bonds in maintaining the structure?
One secondary structure, α helix, is a delicate coil held together by hydrogen bonds every 4th amino acid. A structure with α helix is keratin, the material the human body uses to produce hair. The other secondary structure is β pleated sheet. In this one, two or more strands of β strands are connected by hydrogen bonds between parts of two parallel polypeptide backbones. This secondary structure is what spider webs are made of, and the hydrogen bonding makes it stronger than a strand of steel of the same weight. These secondary structures are unable to be formed without hydrogen bonding.
What two atoms must organic molecules have in them?
If I absolutely had to answer with two atoms, I'd say carbon and hydrogen. This is because carbon is the absolutely indispensible atom that is the absolute basis of all organic molecules, forms they're backbones, and it is carbon's ability to make multible chemical bonds that allows for complex molecular structures. Secondly, hydrogen because any time a carbon molecule has a free chemical bond (not bound to another carbon or some other atom), it bonds to hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are entirely carbon and hydrogen. I must say however that for some organic molecules (e.g. carbohydrates) I would have to say there are three atoms which are the basis: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What bond holds the bases together in a DNA molecule?
Base pairs in DNA are attached to each other via hydrogen bonds. The base pairs are attached to the backbone by covalent bonds.
What kind of substances facilitates the hydrogen bonding of nucleotides into a new DNA molecule?
The two chains of nucleotides in a DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases. In DNA, cytosine forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine, and thymine forms two hydrogen bonds with adenine.If you have a biology textbook, you will find this answer in the caption on the bottom of page 284.
What is the characteristic shape of a DNA molecule?
The characteristic shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix, which is like a twisted ladder. This structure consists of two strands of nucleotides that are twisted around each other, with the sugar-phosphate backbones forming the outer structure and the nitrogenous bases in the middle, connected by hydrogen bonds.
What is involved in the inter-chain linkage between complementary strands of DNA?
Inter-chain linkage in DNA involves hydrogen bonding between complementary nitrogenous bases (A-T and C-G) on opposite strands. This forms a stable double helix structure. The sugar-phosphate backbones of the two strands run antiparallel to each other, creating a strong and stable connection between the two DNA strands.
