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Testing a hypothesis under controlled condition is a scientific experiment.
To draw valid conclusions from an experiment, there must be two kinds of conditions observed: 1. An experimental condition (the particular manipulation of a variable being studied), and 2. A control condition (the situation that unfolds without manipulating the variable being studied). Only comparing these two conditions will enable one to know that the factors changed by experiment are what led to the results of the experiment. For example, if you apply heat to water in order to produce steam (an experimental condition), you must also have some water that is not heated (a control condition) so you can be assured that water does not convert to steam simply because time passes without heat. In the social sciences, wherein it is common to study groups of people, the experimental and control conditions may be referred to as separate groups.
A variable in science is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types. An experiment usually has three kinds of variables: independent, dependent, and controlled. The independent variable is the one that is changed by a scientist in the experiment. The depended variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment. A controlled variable is one which the researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment.
An independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or changed by the researcher in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable. It is the variable that is thought to cause a change in the dependent variable.
To have something to compare to that was exposed to all the same conditions, except the single variable condition being tested.
A scientific experiment
Variable
Variable
scientific experiment
The condition that can change and affects the other conditions is usually referred to as a primary condition. Such primary conditions are usually dependent on the other conditions.
Control
a variable