The phenomenon you're describing is generally referred to as freezing-point depression, the lowering of the freeze point of a liquid (or solvent) by adding another compound.
Freezing point depression is a phenomenon driven by entropic changes in the system containing solvent and solute. As the system is frozen, the solvent forms crystals of high purity regardless of solute molecules being present while solvent crystallizes. Replacement of any solute in the crystal with a solvent molecule takes place spontaneously, since the inability of solute molecules to fit well into the ordered crystal makes the solute-solvent substitution thermodynamically favorable.
As the freezing proceeds, solvent molecules continue to leave the liquid state and incorporate into the solid crystal, with each such occurrence leaving behind a smaller volume of liquid in which solute molecules can occupy. The shrinking of liquid volume occupied by a fixed number of solute molecules reduces the dispersion of solute molecules in the liquid, resulting in a reduction of entropy of the solute molecules. Thus, additional energy is required to match the reduced entropy of the solute molecules with that of the solid solvent crystal.
The energy required (versus pure solvent) to gap the entropic difference (thus difference in chemical potential) to establish equilibrium but at a freezing temperature lower than that of the pure substance. Note that at low solute concentrations, freezing point depression is a property that depends solely of the number of solute particles and physical properties of the solute. Such properties are called colligative properties.
When any solute is dissolved into a solvent, the freezing point will always go down.
The substance that is dissolved in a solution is a solute. A solvent is the dissolving medium in a solution.
1. A solvent and a solute are both parts of a solution.2. The solvent is mostly in majority and, it dissolves a solute in itself to make a solution.
The solute and the solvent...you can tell them apart because thesolute is: in a solution a substance that is dissolved in a solvent andthe solvent is, in a solution the substance that dissolves a solute and makes up the largest percentage of a solution.
solution ------- Sugar dissolved in water: sugar is the solute, water is the solvent; and the solute plus the solvent - is a solution !
When any solute is dissolved into a solvent, the freezing point will always go down.
The freezing point is lowered.
A solute depresses the freezing point of a solution because the solute can not fit perfectly into the crystal lattice of the solid solvent. The normal crystal lattice is the lowest energy arrangement of the molecules or ions of the solid solvent. Therefore, the disordered lattice of a solvent freezing in the presence of a solute has at least slightly higher energy than the lattice of a solid pure solvent and requires at least a slightly lower temperature to solidify.
This depends on: molality of the solute, dissociation of the solute, cryoscopic constant of the solvent.
the solvent
The solute and the solvent...you can tell them apart because thesolute is: in a solution a substance that is dissolved in a solvent andthe solvent is, in a solution the substance that dissolves a solute and makes up the largest percentage of a solution.
lower, solvent, lower, solvent
The substance that is dissolved in a solution is a solute. A solvent is the dissolving medium in a solution.
1. A solvent and a solute are both parts of a solution.2. The solvent is mostly in majority and, it dissolves a solute in itself to make a solution.
Solution: a solute (or more) in a solvent. Solute: the dissolved substance in a solvent. The solute must be soluble in the solvent.
The solute and the solvent...you can tell them apart because thesolute is: in a solution a substance that is dissolved in a solvent andthe solvent is, in a solution the substance that dissolves a solute and makes up the largest percentage of a solution.
solution ------- Sugar dissolved in water: sugar is the solute, water is the solvent; and the solute plus the solvent - is a solution !