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Post-reinforcement pause is a pause in responding that typically occurs after the delivery of the reinforcer on fixed-ratio and fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement.
Four types of intermittent schedules of reinforcement are fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval. Fixed ratio schedules provide reinforcement after a set number of responses, while variable ratio schedules provide reinforcement after a varying number of responses. Fixed interval schedules provide reinforcement after a set time interval, while variable interval schedules provide reinforcement after a varying time interval.
A fixed interval schedule of reinforcement is a reinforcement schedule in which the reinforcer is delivered for the first response that occurs after a fixed amount of time following the last reinforcer or the beginning of the trial.
Fixed-ratio schedule - reinforcement depends on a specific number of correct responses before reinforcement can be obtained. Like rewarding every fourth response. Variable-ratio schedule - reinforcement does not required a fixed or set number of responses before reinforcement can be obtained. Like slot machines in the casinos. Fixed-interval schedule - reinforcement in which a specific amount of time must elapse before a response will elicit reinforcement. Like studying feverishly the day before the test. Variable-interval schedule - reinforcement in which changing amounts of time must elapse before a response will abtain reinforcement.
Partial reinforcement is when an individual is rewarded on some, but not all, trials. There are multiple variants of partial reinforcement (fixed interval, variable interval, fixed ratio) but the schedule that is most likely to have the slowest extinction rate is variable ratio, meaning that after a certain number of trials between two values, a reward will be given. A real life example of this is gambling.
There are two kinds of reinforcement schedules. The first is continuous reinforcement where desired behavior is reinforced every time. The second schedule is partial reinforcement where a response is reinforced part of the time. Within partial reinforcement, there are four schedules which include fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, and fixed-interval and variable- interval.
An example of a variable interval schedule of partial reinforcement is receiving a bonus at work on average every two weeks. The reinforcement (bonus) is given based on the passage of time (variable interval) and not every time the desired behavior occurs (partial reinforcement).
The reinforcement intervals refers to the fixed interval schedule whereby the first response is rewarded after a specific duration of time has elapsed.
specific amount of time has elapsed. This means that reinforcement is delivered after a fixed period of time, regardless of the subject's behavior.
Ratio reinforcement schedules deliver reinforcement based on the number of responses emitted by the individual, while interval reinforcement schedules deliver reinforcement based on the passage of time and the first response after a specified time interval. Ratio schedules tend to generate higher response rates compared to interval schedules.
Joseph Eugene Morrow has written: 'Some functions of stimuli on chain fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement' -- subject(s): Reinforcement (Psychology), Conditioned response
A continuous reinforcement schedule, where a reward is given every time a desired behavior occurs, can lead to consistently high productivity. This helps in maintaining motivation and reinforcement of the behavior.