Appleton layer
Eletromagnetic radiation with a frequency below the ionosphere's plasma frequency will generally be reflected. The specific frequency depends on the density of ionospheric plasma which can vary at different altitudes, but also different geomagnetic latitudes and from day to night. For a typical daytime mid-latitude ionosphere, the most dense part of the ionosphere, (the "F" region), will reflect radio frequencies up to ~2.8Mhz (assuming an electron density of 1e11 m-3).
The lower layers, the D and E layers are only a few tens of km - perhaps a hundred km at most. The F layers are of greater importance for ionospheric reflection, and may be up to 250 km. May be useful up to 800 km. These various layers have a frequency - dependent reflectivity, and this will change day and night according to the state of ionization and the illumination causing that.
Mercury -200 F To 328 F Venus 801 F the hotest planet in the solar system Not Mercury Earth Our Home -16 F To 127 F Mars -67 F Jupiter -125 F Saturn -172 F Uranus -224 F the coldest planet in our solar system Neptune -218 F Pluto dwarf planet planets only
nf ftmu gumgv d f df ef f d fd fd fd f f df f e
- Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (Texas) - John F. Kennedy Space Center (Florida)
Appleton
Roger David Keck has written: 'A linear correlation analysis of spread-F and field aligned echoes from the same region' -- subject(s): Ionosphere, Radio waves, Observations, F region
Eletromagnetic radiation with a frequency below the ionosphere's plasma frequency will generally be reflected. The specific frequency depends on the density of ionospheric plasma which can vary at different altitudes, but also different geomagnetic latitudes and from day to night. For a typical daytime mid-latitude ionosphere, the most dense part of the ionosphere, (the "F" region), will reflect radio frequencies up to ~2.8Mhz (assuming an electron density of 1e11 m-3).
D, E, and F
M. M. Siddiqui has written: 'Gram-Charlier series distribution for ionospheric F2 layer characteristics' -- subject(s): Ionosphere, Distribution (Probability theory), F region
F sharp is the same note.
Raptor
the bass clef
flagon
Fumes are a synonym for gas.
a filly
entropy F=ma