no
Not really, it's what 'heavy duty' is all about. Just make sure the alternator can cope in terms of charging current (should be OK but worth a check) and away you go.
No. That's commonly known as a "big 3" upgrade, where you replace the wire from the alternator the battery positive, battery negative to ground, and engine block to ground. This will have to be done if you're adding any aftermarket devices with a high amperage draw (such as off-road lights or sound systems), as the factory wiring is intended for use with only the stock electrical system, and drawing extra amperage on the factory wiring can lead to fire. It's also a necessity if you plan on buying a high output alternator.
yes we are using to much resources
It could be anything from the engine to the connectors
Possibly, wrong polarity. Check whether you connect the battery correctly or you are using a correct battery.
Among other things; Just because a battery has approximately 12 volts does not mean it is good. It can produce those 12 volts but without the amperage available from a good battery, you will get nothing. defective plates in the battery will allow it to generate 12 volts while severely reducing the available "cranking amps". Quickest way to rule out a battery is with a jump start.
get a new laptop
When forming a question, a comma is not typically used before the question mark. However, a comma can be used to separate a list of items in the question itself, such as "Do you need apples, oranges, or bananas?"
Either the charger is too powerful for your battery, like when using a 24 V truck/tractor charger on a 12 V battery. Or there's something seriously wrong with your battery, like too low fluid level.
No, not the battery. But anything that has a diode, transistor or is in any other way dependent on polarity may be fried... including your alternator.
There must be too much amperage going through the wire. Either it's the wrong gauge wire (unlikely), or there is a problem where the charging system is putting out too many volts/amps. Check it with a multimeter.
Using the wrong weight engine oil for that climate, The battery/electrical system is not in good condition,