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Faulting is a type of brittle deformation; rocks crack and then move along those cracks. Deep inside Earth rocks are hotter and softer, so they will deform in a ductile manner, stretching and flowing like taffy.
Chile is on the western coast of the continent of South America, this is the boundary between two tectonic plates, the Nazca plate (which is an oceanic plate) and the South American plate (a continental crustal plate). In this region the Nazca plate is moving eastwards towards the South American plate. The dense oceanic crust of the Nazca plate is being forced under or subducted beneath the less dense continental crust of the South American Plate. The Nazca and South American plates are converging at a rate of approximately 80mm / year. This causes stress to accumulate resulting in elastic strain which stores elastic potential energy. Once the stress exceeds the strength of the rocks in the crust a brittle failure occurs, causing in this case thrust faulting to occur. The stored elastic strain energy is released in the form of seismic waves. This form of thrust faulting usually results in the most powerful earthquakes and in the past Chile has experienced a magnitude 9.5 earthquake caused by the same tectonic plate motions - the most powerful ever recorded. Please see the related question for further information.
The lithosphere is brittle. A brittle material is one that loses cohesion when it fails allowing fractures to propagate through the material. The lithosphere is brittle because it is at too low a temperature and pressure to fail or deform in a ductile manner.
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Materials like gold and copper can be bent; they are malleable or ductile. Materials that are brittle and break easily are non-ductile. Conventional concrete is non-ductile (and breaks under stress of earthquakes)(or other tensile challenge). Metal (steel) mesh or synthetic fibers are added to concrete to make it more ductile.
peanut brittle
Faulting is when rocks deform in a brittle fashion and break, and then movement occurs along these fractures.
Faulting and folding (also known as brittle and ductile deformation). Please see the related links.
Faulting and folding (also known as brittle and ductile deformation). Please see the related links.
Rock that is too brittle to fold under heat and pressure, will break, calledthrust faulting. When older rock ends up on top of younger rock as a result of thrust faulting, the result is the formation of fault block mountains.
Brittle star is an echinoderm
Earthquakes occur due to brittle failures in the Earth's lithosphere. Brittle failures occur where fractures propagate through the material. So an earthquake is literally the consequence of fracturing or shattering a part of the brittle outer layer of the earth. It could also be argued that they "shatter" the lives of the people affected by them.
glass, ceramics, bones, etc.
Faulting and folding (also known as brittle and ductile deformation). Please see the related links.
Earthquakes occur in the lithosphere, which is the crust and solid brittle portion of the upper mantle. The lithosphere is broken into several pieces known as tectonic plates. Earthquakes most commonly occur at or near the boundaries between these plates.
There are two reasons. First, faulting is a form of brittle failure, which generally occurs at lower temperatures. Deep in the crust, where it is very hot, rocks tend to undergo ductile failure, deforming like taffy. Additionally, most materials resist breaking at higher overall pressure.
They would fail in a brittle rather than ductile manner causing fracturing or faulting to occur rather than folding.