Yes, it is only called conservative in North America, Masorti everywhere else.
First, in Europe, what Americans call "Conservative Judaism" is generally called Masorti (traditional) Judaism. And yes, there absolutely are summer camps. I enclose a link to one of the better-known Masorti-run camps in the United Kingdom.
It is hard to find statistics on this that cover the entire Jewish community, but typically, the more religious a Jewish community is, the lower its current number of adherents. The population, however, is shifting towards the Orthodox denominations because of their overall higher reproductive rate. MOST Secular/Hiloni Jews American Reform Jews and British Liberal Jews (all really the same) American Conservative Jews and British Reform Jews and Masorti Movements (all really the same) The various Orthodox movements Reconstructionism LEAST
Same-sex marriage is prohibited by Islam, Orthodox Jews (and some Conservative Jews) and most Christian denominations.
Messianics are Christians. Jews wear the same clothing as anyone else. Religiously observant Jews dress modestly.
Conservative Jews are less strict than Orthodox Jews. Not all Conservative Jews keep Shabbat.
There is no such thing as a "reformed" Jew. It is called "reform Jew". Reform Jews celebrate passover as a commoration of the exodus of the ancestors of the Jews from Egypt and into freedom, which is the same meaning passover has to Conservative and Orthodox Jews.
YES. Conservative Judaism has permitted the ordination of Jews since October 1983.
Most Jews do, yes. The majority of branches of Judaism accept gay people and recognize same-sex-marriage, including:ReformReconstructionistRenewalLiberalProgressiveHumanisticConservativeTraditional ReformSome Masorti congregations (not all)In fact, the only branch of Judaism that says being gay is sinful is the Orthodox branch, and even then, most Orthodox Jews believe that violating the Sabbath is a worse sin.
In North America: Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist. In the UK: Orthodox, Masorti, Reform, and Liberal In Ireland: Orthodox and Progressive. In Israel: Orthodox (with a small budding Reform population).
No. That applies mainly to Orthodox and Conservative Jews.
-reform -conservative -modern -orthodox -frum
The laws dictating food production and consumption for Jews are called 'kashrut'.