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Phenolphthalein is the indicator that turns pink in basic solutions during titration reactions.
To minimize the chance of side reactions, errors, or contamination from the surroundings. A slow titration could result in inaccurate results due to reactions with air or impurities. Rapid titration helps to ensure more precise and reliable measurements.
Titration should be carried out immediately after the addition of sulfuric acid to prevent any chemical reactions or changes in the sample that could affect the accuracy of the titration results. Waiting could lead to altered concentration levels or other undesired reactions that could affect the titration process.
Conductometric titration measures change in conductivity, which is not directly proportional to the redox reaction progress in the solution. This is because redox reactions involve electron transfer, which does not directly affect the conductivity of the solution. Conductometric titration is more suitable for acid-base reactions or precipitation reactions where ions are involved.
The methods of titration include acid-base titration, redox titration, and complexometric titration. Acid-base titration involves the reaction between an acid and a base to determine the concentration of one of the reactants. Redox titration involves oxidation-reduction reactions to determine the concentration of a substance. Complexometric titration involves the formation of a complex between a metal ion and a complexing agent to determine the concentration of the metal ion.
Washing the walls of the flask with distilled water during titration helps ensure all of the solution in the flask participates in the reaction. It removes any residual solute that may be stuck to the walls, preventing errors in the titration results. Additionally, it helps in maintaining the accuracy and precision of the titration by preventing contamination from previous reactions.
Conductometric titration measures changes in the electrical conductivity of a solution during a titration. Normal titration, on the other hand, typically involves measuring changes in pH or using an indicator to determine the endpoint. Conductometric titration can be more precise for reactions that do not involve a change in pH.
Some limitations of titration include the need for precise and accurate measurements, the requirement for reactions to go to completion, potential interferences from impurities or other substances, and the necessity for proper calibration of equipment. Additionally, titration may not be suitable for reactions with slow kinetics or for samples with very low concentrations.
Phosphoric acid is often used as a buffer in titration reactions to stabilize the pH of the solution. It helps maintain a constant pH by resisting changes in acidity when small amounts of acid or base are added during the titration process. This is important for ensuring the accuracy and precision of the titration results.
Iodometric titration is better than iodimetric titration for the determination of reducing agents, as it directly measures the amount of oxidizing agent present. This method is more precise, as it involves the direct reduction of a known quantity of iodine to iodide ion. It is also less prone to interference from side reactions compared to the indirect measurement in iodimetric titration.
Ethanolic NaOH is used instead of aqueous NaOH in titration to avoid side reactions with water and reduce error in the titration process. The absence of water in ethanolic NaOH helps maintain the concentration and stability of the solution, resulting in more accurate and precise titration results.
Sulfuric acid is commonly used in redox titrations because it is a strong acid and does not participate in the redox reactions. Nitric acid (HNO3) can act as an oxidizing agent itself, which can interfere with the redox titration process by introducing additional reactions.