No, except for hydrogen. Bonding uses outermost electrons (outside full shells).
in H-O-H, dihydrogenoxide they are all used for bonding
All of the valence electrons are used for bonding.
In the structure of CO2, there are 2 bonding electrons between each carbon and oxygen atoms, connecting them. There are no nonbonding electrons in the CO2 molecule because all the valence electrons are involved in bonding either between carbon and oxygen or within the oxygen atoms themselves.
You would expect metallic bonding between two potassium atoms. Metallic bonding involves the sharing of electrons between all the atoms in a metal, leading to a sea of delocalized electrons that hold the metal atoms together in a lattice structure.
4.
They are shared in-between the atomsTwo atoms can share one or two electrons (covalent bonding), An electron from one atom can be removed and join a separate atom (ionic bonding) or all the outer shell electrons can separate off and form a lattice of positive ins in a sea of negative electrons (metallic bonding)
Iron nail contains metallic bonding, which is different from ionic or covalent bonding. In metallic bonding, electrons are shared among all the metal atoms, creating a "sea of electrons" that hold the metal atoms together.
Atoms cannot exist independently because all atoms strive for a full outer shell of electrons through bonding with other atoms. Molecules can exist independently because they are stable structures formed from atoms through covalent or other types of bonding. This bonding enables molecules to have a stable arrangement of atoms.
Atoms bond because they "share" their electrons. Every atom wants to have 2 atoms in their first shell, and then 8 in all the other shells. Lets say we have an atom with 3 electrons, and one with 9 electrons, they will esaly bond
Covalent bonding is found in all molecular substances. In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration. This results in the formation of molecules.
Metallic bonding occurs between copper atoms. Only copper is a metal and has the characteristics needed for metallic bonding. Metallic bonding occurs between atoms with low electronegativities (low tendency to attract electrons from other atoms) and low ionisation energies (little energy required to remove electrons from the atoms). The low tendency for the metallic atoms to keep their electrons allow their electrons to be shared between the atoms, which thus become cations. The cations tend to be very closely-packed; they are not repulsed by their similar positive charges, but attracted to the electrons flowing freely between the cations. Metallic bonding therefore occurs between copper atoms, which have low electronegativity and ionisation energy. Chlorine atoms have some of the highest electronegativity and ionisation energy of all elements, and thus do not exhibit metallic bonding.
No, there are no lone pairs in a molecule of CH3. All atoms in CH3 are involved in bonding, so there are no unshared pairs of electrons on the carbon or hydrogen atoms.