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"Bat" is Hebrew for "daughter". "Mitzvah" is harder to translate, but it's also a Hebrew word.

Everything in the Torah that tells Jews either to do something or not to do something is called a "mitzvah", and there are 613 of them. It's somewhere in the neighborhood of 'law', 'commandment', 'rule', 'requirement', 'standard', 'good deed', 'best practice', etc.

If we can simply call it 'law' for a moment, then "bat mitzvah" is Hebrew for "daughter of law". It means that "bat mitzvah" is not a service in the synagogue, a party, or an event of any kind. The "bat mitzvah" is the person ... the girl who has turned 12 (or 13 in Non-Orthodox communities), and who now, as an adult, becomes responsible for her own adherence to the requirements of Torah.

By the way, "bar" is Aramaic for "son", and all of the above is also true of a "Bar Mitzvah", except that in Orthodox communities, the age for males is 13 instead of 12, because it takes boys longer to grow up and get a clue as to what it's all about. Non-Orthodox communities make the girl wait till 13 to celebrate the occasion, in the name of equality.

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What is the name of a bar mitzvah party?

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