They are placed outside of the quotation marks.
In American English, dialog tags are typically placed outside the quotation marks. For example: "I love to read," she said. However, in British English, dialog tags are often placed inside the quotation marks. For example: "I love to read", she said. It's important to be consistent with whichever style guide you choose to follow.
In American English, most punctuation marks are placed inside quotation marks. However, in British English, punctuation marks are placed outside the quotation marks unless they are part of the quoted material.
Punctuation marks such as periods and commas should be placed outside the set of quotation marks. Question marks and exclamation points should be placed inside if they are part of the quoted material, and outside if they are not.
In American English, an exclamation point should be placed inside quotation marks, followed by a comma if necessary: He shouted, "Stop!" In British English, the exclamation point would be placed outside of the quotation marks: He shouted, "Stop"!
The quotation marks are placed outside of the question mark at the end of a sentence when the quoted text is part of the question. For example: Did she say, "I'll be there"?
The comma is inside the quotation mark if it is part of the quote. For example: John said, "Please pass the butter, and then could you pour me some milk?" Notice that there is also a comma after the word "said" that is not in quotation marks. This is because "said" is not a part of the quote. Be careful of indirect quotes which do not use quotation marks, such as: John said to please pass the butter and then pour him some milk. An easy mistake is to write: John said "to please pass the butter and then pour him some milk" which would be incorrect since that is not what John said.
In dialogue, periods, commas, question marks, and exclamation points go inside quotation marks. (A semicolon goes outside quotation marks but isn't used much in dialogue, so you don't need to worry about it.)
British style places commas and periods that are not part of the quoted material outside of the quotation marks. Also, in technical applications or when discussing coding, punctuation that is not part of a text string should be placed outside of the quotes. Placing commas and periods inside the quotes implies that they are part of the string to be displayed.
In American English, periods and commas always go inside quotation marks, regardless of whether they are part of the quoted material. Other punctuation marks (such as semicolons, question marks, and exclamation points) are placed inside the quotation marks if they are part of the quoted text, and outside if they are not.
In American English, periods and commas are typically placed inside final quotation marks, while colons and semicolons are placed outside.
Punctuation marks should be placed outside the set of quotation marks, unless they are part of the quoted material. For example: "I love pizza," she said.
Full stops are usually placed inside quotation marks. For example, "She said it was orange."
Yes; the article title should be placed inside quotation marks, while the name of the newspaper or magazine is italicized.