Monomers are usually small simple molecules. ##e.g. Ethene (CH2=CH2) , which makes the polymer ' polyethene' or just 'polythene'.
Structurally shown as -[-CH-CH-]-(n)
or
Chloroethene ( CHCl = CH2 ) which makes 'polyvinylchloride' (PVC).
Structurally shown as -[-CHCl-CH2-]-(n)
Note in both cases the double bond(=) has been reduced to a single bond(-). THis is NOT chemical reduction.
NB THere are many more simple molecules that polymerise.
monomers form first oligomers which inturn form polymers
Water=H20 Ozone=O3 Caffeine=C8H12N403
Molecules are two or more atoms electronically combined. Oxygen atom is just 'O' However, oxygen does not exist as a single atom in the air, but as the molecule 'O2'. ( O=O), and in the high/upper atmosphere as ozone ( O3 ), where the three atoms are combined in a triangular formation. NB THe Noble(Inert) gases DO Exist as single atoms (Monatomic), and NOT as molecules. e.g. Helium(He) , Neon (Ne) etc.,
When a hydrate loses its water molecules, it is called an anhydrate.
weak bonding among the atoms or moecules as compare to solids make the liquids as fluids...
moecules passing accross the phospholipid bilayer, AGIANST the graient because the carrier protein is using ATP to do this e.g. glucose
The exception to the monomer/polymer rule is lipids. Lipid base units are not considered monomers. One type of lipid or fat is made up of fatty acids and glycerol molecules in a 3:1 ratio. The bonding of three fatty acids to one glycerol molecule creates a triglyceride.
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The lysosomes are responsible for breaking down cell parts that are no longer functional or needed through a process called autophagy. These organelles contain enzymes that help to digest and recycle cellular waste.
Cellular Respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon based moecules to mae ATP when oxygen is present. It is an aerobic process. As for where the energy comes from, the Krebs cycle jumps in.The Krebs Cycle produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration. Hope this helped! -Biology Textbook
A diatomic molecule is a molecule containing TWO(2) atoms only. Atmospheric Oxygen is diatomic, because it is a molecule of two atoms of oxygen, represented by ' O2 '. Similarly , nitrogen (N2). Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a diatomic molecule. It is extremel;y poisonous to life. However, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a triatomic molecule. It contains three atoms , one carbon and two oxygen atoms. Similarly , Water is triatomic as 'H2O '. NB FRom Latin The prefixes are ;- 1 ; mono/uni 2; di 3 ; tri NNB Do NOT be confused, both water and Carbon dioxide are triatomic molecules, BUT they only contain TWO(2) elements, viz. H2O (hydrogen and oxygen) , CO2 (carbon and oxygen ).
Protein monomers are the building blocks of proteins, and they are called amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form proteins. When these amino acids link together through peptide bonds, they create polymers known as polypeptides, which fold into specific three-dimensional structures to perform various biological functions. Thus, the sequence and arrangement of amino acids in a polypeptide chain determine the protein's unique characteristics and functions.