They could be either or both, depending on their purpose.
Typically this would be peripherals in the context of PCs. Peripherals are things such as the keyboard and mouse (input), and the monitor and speakers(output).
Computer Peripherals.
The main function of peripheral devices is to add extra functionalities to your computer. It can be input features (scanning, receiving faxes, voice recording, etc.) or output features (printing, sending faxes, making sounds, etc.).
The input/output control system
input/output devices or peripherals
Get a PS2 to USB adapter. They are really cheap.
Peripherals
Hardware devices. Input & output devices.
peripherals, aka accessories, aka mouse/keyboard/Monitor
They do not communicate directly on the network. Instead, peripherals rely on their connected host to perform all network operations. Examples of shared peripherals are scanners, locally attached printers, and fax machines its input and output
In the broadest sense, the items you mention are all peripherals. Peripherals are items that are used by a computer but are not always necessary and often don't come with the computer.Now, looking at the example items individually, they are input and output devices. Speakers and printers are output devices. A speaker provides output in the form of sound, while a printer provides output in printed form on paper. A webcam is an input device, since it converts images from the real world into digital data a computer can use.
Output. Information goes from your computer to the printer, and then out onto paper.However, many modern printers are actually "multi-function peripherals" or MFPs. These may include scanning and faxing functions, and so can do both input and output.