Yes,
Phloem cells are alive.
No, mature phloem tissue is not dead upon maturity. Phloem tissue remains alive and functional, aiding in the transport of sugars and other organic compounds throughout the plant. The cells in mature phloem tissue are specialized for this function and typically stay alive for an extended period.
No xylem die at maturity but phloem stays alive all the time the plant is alive.
Mature phloem cells are regulated by surrounding companion cells, which supply them with necessary proteins and nutrients. These companion cells are connected to the phloem cells by plasmodesmata, allowing for communication and control despite the phloem cells lacking a nucleus.
the cells of phloem are the only ones with cytoplasm
No, phloem cells do not contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are typically found in plant cells that are involved in photosynthesis, such as leaf cells, while phloem cells are specialized for transporting nutrients, such as sugars, throughout the plant.
The phloem consists mainly of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, and parenchyma cells. Sieve tubes are responsible for transporting sugars and other organic compounds, while companion cells support sieve tube function. Phloem fibers provide structural support, and parenchyma cells store nutrients.
Phloem tissue consists of: conducting cells, generally called sieve elements; parenchyma cells, including both specialized companion cells or albuminous cells and unspecialized cells; and supportive cells, such as fibres and sclereids.(attribution: wikipedia, Phloem)
i) Sieve tubes (ii) Companion cells (iii) Phloem parenchyma (iv) Phloem fibres
leaves
There is a layer of living Phloem and there is a layer of living xylem. Both these layer produce dead tissue, the Phloem produces bark (dead protective outer layer), the xylem produces wood (dead supportive inner layer). Both the wood and the bark are dead. It is only the two thin layers of Phloem and Xylem that are alive.
The xylem and phloem are separated by vascular cambium in woody plants. This layer of meristematic tissue is responsible for producing new xylem and phloem cells, allowing the plant to grow in diameter.
No, dead xylem and phloem cells do not turn into cambium. The cambium is a layer of actively dividing cells in the vascular system of plants that gives rise to new xylem and phloem cells. Dead xylem and phloem cells are typically used for structural support or transport of water and nutrients, and they do not have the ability to transform into cambium cells.