Although the use of polygraph results as evidence in court is regularly challenged - it IS a useful tool and is used in the preliminary stage of many criminal investigations.
no
Not in the US
your dog
Most states do not accept psychophysiological veracity (PV) examination (polygraph) results in a civil court cases
Yes, if it doesn't violate the rules of evidence.
A judge has final say on what is or is not admissable in their court. The only recourse if the evidence was refused is to file for an appeal and have the appeals court see if his/her refusal of the evidence was justified. If they find in favor of the judge, you're out of luck. If on the other hand the appeals court decides the evidence should be admissable, the case will most likely be retried with the new evidence presented.
No.
Yes, it MAY be allowed. The "age of reason" for children in most states is usually set at, or about, 7 years of age.
It will depend on the evidence, but probably yes. In most cases the report is not the entire recollection of the police officer.
In some jurisdictions, a dying declaration is admissible in court even if the person does not die. The testimony can be admitted if the declarant is unavailable to testify due to being physically or mentally incapacitated. However, the reliability and credibility of the statement would still be assessed by the court.
You can ask but they do not have to administer one, Polygraphs are still not proven to be 100% accurate and therefore do not always hold up in court.
Yes, if the evidence has already been ruled admissable in court, it can be used again. The more evidence that proves the point, the better.