Yes, there are some lenticular galaxies that are nearly 13 billion light years from the earth.
Yes, they are usually of a similar size range to other types of galaxies, from a few thousand lightyears across to a million or more. Their formation is often as a result of two or more galaxies colliding, or coming close to each other.
Yes, there are some spiral galaxies that are nearly 13 billion light years from Earth (I.e. T2003 1529 in the Ursa Major constellation).
The closest (DX Cnc) is 11.8 lightyears away. The farthest is nearly 4000 lightyears away.
The Red Shift or Doppler effect
Nearly all galaxies are moving away from our galaxie and planet.
No, the farthest galaxies from the Milky way are nearly 100000000000000 light years away.
Yes, there are some quasars that are nearly 13 billion light years from the earth.
The universe is made up of millions maybe even billions of galaxies to number them all would be impossible... ----- Estimates from the late 20th century indicate 200 billion to 400 billion galaxies. More recent indications are that these numbers are probably quite low. A computer simulation from a few years ago indicated 500 billion. New data indicates that the number of galaxies we fail to find in surveys are probably nearly ten times the number that we can. It seems as time goes by the number goes up, and this is only partly because we can see farther into the universe.
It is hypothesized that almost all galaxies have super massive black holes in their center.
50,978,206,987. Nearly 51 billion
Yes. There are more glaxies than just ours. The observable univers contains an estimated 100 billion galaxies. There may be other galaxies out there too, ones so distant that their light has not reached us.
Yes, a redshift of 6.5 does equal to a light travel distance of nearly 13 billion years (i.e. 12.8 billion years).