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The literal 'Israelites' were descendants of Jacob, (Abraham's grandson through Isaac), who's name was changed to 'Israel' (Genesis 32:27-28). Jacob had twelve sons, who became the 'nation of Israel'(Exodus 1:1-7) and God's 'chosen people'. The term 'Jew' is believed to have come from a reference to one of the twelve tribes, Judah, but eventually came to refer to ALL the Israelites, eventually making the term Jew and Israelite synonymous.

Later, after the death of Jesus (which, according to the Christian Greek Scriptures, ended the Law of Moses and the covenant relationship with fleshly Israel Galatians 3:13 / Colossians 2:13+14), it was made clear that 'Israelite/Jew' meant something new in God's sight. No longer did being one of God's chosen people depend on one's fleshly lineage, but on one's faith in Jesus sacrifice as the foretold Messiah. These, now, are termed 'spiritual Jews', God's 'chosen and special possession'(1 Peter 2:7-10)(Romans 2:28+29)(Galatians 3:28 )(Romans 3:29)(Acts 13:44-52)(Acts 4:12) and the 'Israel of God'(Galatians 6:12-16).

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