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trademark office
No, but you can register it as a trademark.
You do not have to register a trademark but you can. If you do not register, you can put a TM or SM next to your trademark name to show that it is your trademark. You should do some research before using the name and claiming a trademark to make sure nobody else is using it. You can register your trademark with the US Patent and Trademark office. See the related link. This offers you extra legal protections such as the ability to bring a court case in federal court due to an infringement, protection from US customs that prevents imports of products using your same trademark, having your trademark documented so that you have proof you used it first, etc.. When you do this you put an R with a circle around it next to your tradmark name.
No, but if you're using it in commerce you could register it as a trademark.
You cannot copyright a business name, but you can register it as a trademark.
You would need to be the first organization using that name in that category of goods and services in order to register it as a trademark.
To trademark a phrase, normally you will first establish that you're using it in commerce (as a business name or slogan, for example). Then register with the trademark office of all countries in which you intend to do business.
The best way to register a web site is to go to a domain name website. Currently the most popular domain name websites are Register, Domain, and Go Daddy.
Short phrases such as movie titles are not copyrightable. You may register it as a trademark once you are using it in commerce.
To register a brand name internationally, you can file for a trademark through the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) using the Madrid System. This allows you to apply for trademark protection in multiple countries through one single application. Alternatively, you can work with a local intellectual property attorney in each country where you want to register your brand name.
What you are describing is a trademark. A trademark can be a word, phrase, symbol, logo, design or image. Companies do not buy the trademark but register it so no one else can use it without their permission.
No; patents are for inventions and processes. If you are using it as a business or product name, you may register it as a trademark.