Yes. Tornadoes occur on all continents except Antarctica. The world's deadliest tornado was one that struck Bangladesh in 1989.
If you mean Asia, the answer is yes. All continents except Antarctica get tornadoes.
If there person is speaking English, they will simply be called tornadoes. Otherwise, what they are called depends on the language. In Japanese, for example, they are called tatsumaki, while in Chinese they are lóngjuǎnfēng.
Yes. In Europe in the past there were 8 tornadoes that reached the F5 or EF5 rank. Bangladesh,China,Philippines and Japan are the country with more tornadoes in the continent. Bangladesh is the country with the most death in the world due to the tornadoes, infact 18 of the 42 tornadoes that have caused more death in the world occured in Bangladesh, among them also the first (Daultipur and Salturia F5 Tornado that killed 1300 people in 1989). Some EF3 or EF4 tornadoes also occured in Japan killing several people.
They don't only occur in the U.S. Tornadoes have been recorded on every continent except Antarctica and some of the deadliest tornadoes have occurred in Asia. However, the U.S. does have the highest number of tornadoes of any other country. This is due mostly to the climate setup, which has a near perfect setup for combining colliding air masses, instability, and strong wind shear to create strong, rotating thunderstorms called supercells. These storms produce the vast majority of tornadoes. Additionally, the U.S. keeps detailed records of its tornadoes, something most countries don't do.
In some places, yes. There are no accurate statistics available, but parts of Bangladesh and India may even rival Tornado Alley in the United States.
Tornadoes are sometimes divided into "weak" tornadoes "strong" and "violent" tornadoes. Weak tornadoes are those rated EF0 and EF1. Most tornadoes are weak. Strong tornadoes are those rated EF2 and EF3. Violent tornadoes are those rated EF4 and EF5. They are the rarest of tornadoes, only about 1% of tornadoes are this strong.
Tornadoes in the U.S. are called tornadoes.
It depends on what you mean by extreme. Tornadoes of EF4 and EF5 tornadoes, however are often referred to as violent tornadoes. These account for about 1% of all tornadoes.
Tornadoes don't get named, Hurricanes do, but Tornadoes don't.
Florida frequently has tornadoes, though several states have more tornadoes annually.
The US records by far more tornadoes than any other country, at over 1,200 tornadoes per year. Second is Canada with about 100. Great Britain and The Netherlands sustain the greatest amount of Tornadic coverage per year relative to the size of the country. This is due to the small size of these countries.