To change the permissions of a file called "File.txt" so that the owner can read and write, the group can read, and everyone else has no permissions, you can use the chmod command with the octal number 644 (equivalent to rw-r--r--): "chmod 644file.txt."
the command to make anything executable is chmod +x <file>
Technically, there are an infinite of different types of files. A file is just some data that so program reads and uses. Some common file types are:PNG - A type of picture fileJPEG - Another type of fileTXT - Text fileZIP - Compressed information