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At which dilution is VDRL test for syphilis considered positive?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
All reactive results should be co-related with clinical findings but a fourfold rise in titer, e.g. 1:4 to 1:16, on a repeat specimen may indicate infection, a reinfection, or a treatment failure. If the increase in titer occurs over a short period of time, for example two weeks, the immunologic response is most likely due to treponemal response rather than a biologic false-positive lipoprotein response. A fourfold decrease in titer, e.g. 1:8 to 1:2, 6 to 12 months following treatment for early syphilis usually suggests that therapy was adequate.
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
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What is tpha?
TPHA and VDRL are tests for syphilis. They are typically used in combination for a more specific diagonsis.
Does a non-reactive HIV test result also mean free from HIV inflection?
No, the VDRL only tells you about syphilis. A test for HIV would need to be done separately.
What is a UDRL blood test?
Most probably its VDRL test.
What is the use of shakers?
it is used in the lab for VDRL, Widal test, & such other tests .
What is the use of magnetic shaker?
it is used in the lab for VDRL, Widal test, & such other tests .
What is tpha reactive?
i have vdrl and tpha both are positve at same time wht i do now
CSF-VDRL test?
DefinitionThe CSF-VDRL test is used to diagnose neurosyphilis. This test looks for antibodies called reagins, which are sometimes produced by the body in reaction to the syphilis-causing bacteria.See also: VDRLAlternative NamesVenereal disease research laboratory slide test - CSFHow the test is performedThe test is performed on a CSF sample obtained by lumbar puncture (spinal tap).How to prepare for the testBefore the procedure, you will be asked to review the risks and sign a consent form.How the test will feelUsually, discomfort associated with the lumbar puncture is mild to moderate. The entire procedure usually takes about 30 minutes but may take longer. The actual fluid collection only takes a few minutes.Why the test is performedThe CSF-VDRL test is used to diagnose syphilis in the brain or spinal cord. Brain and spinal cord involvement usually indicates late stage (tertiary) syphilis.Blood screening tests, such as VDRL and RPR, are more effective during middle stage (secondary) syphilis.Normal ValuesA negative result is normal.However, false-negatives can occur. This means you can have syphilis and have a normal CSF-VDRL test result. Therefore, a negative test does not always rule out the disease. Other markers of inflammation, such as elevated protein levels or excess white blood cells, may be used to diagnose neurosyphilis.What abnormal results meanA positive result is abnormal and indicates neurosyphilis.What the risks areRisks of lumbar puncture include:Hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction to the anestheticDiscomfort during the testHeadache after the testBleeding into the spinal canalBrain herniation (if performed on a person with increased intracranial pressure) which may result in brain damage or deathDamage to the spinal cord or nerve rootsReferencesHook EW III. Syphilis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 340.Fletcher JJ, Nathan BR. Cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial pressure. In: Goetz, CG, eds. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 26.
Why would you not translate such abbreviations as vdrl sgot tpa and dpt shot?
Who said they wouldn't? VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (test) SGOT: Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (an enzyme) tPA: Tissue Plasminogen Activator DPT: Diptheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus
VDRL test?
DefinitionThe VDRL test is a screening test for syphilis. It measures substances, called antibodies, that can be produced in response to Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that causes syphilis.The test is similar to the newer rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test.Alternative NamesVenereal disease research laboratory testHow the test is performedThe test is usually performed on blood. The VDRL test can be performed on spinal fluid if syphilis (neurosyphilis) may be present in individual's brain.This article discusses the blood test.Blood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.How the test will feelWhen the needle is inserted to draw blood, you may feel moderate pain, or only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.Why the test is performedThis test is used to diagnose syphilis. Syphilis is a highly treatable infection. In addition to screening individuals with signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases, syphilis screening is a routine part of prenatal care during pregnancy. Several states also require screening for syphilis prior to obtaining a marriage license.Normal ValuesA negative test is normal and means that no antibodies to syphilis have been detected. The screening test is most likely be positive in secondary and latent syphilis. During primary and tertiary syphilis this test may be falsely negative.What abnormal results meanA positive test result may mean you have syphilis. If the test is positive, the next step is to confirm the results with an FTA-ABS test, which is a more specific syphilis test.The VDRL test's ability to detect syphilis depends on the stage of the disease. The test's sensitivity to detect syphilis nears 100% during the middle stages; it is less sensitive during the earlier and later stages.Some conditions may cause a false positive test, including:HIVLyme diseaseCertain types of pneumoniaMalariaSystemic lupus erythematosusWhat the risks areVeins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:Excessive bleedingFainting or feeling light-headedHematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)Special considerationsThe body does not always produce antibodies specifically in response to the syphilis bacteria, so this test is not always accurate.ReferencesMeyers D, Wolff T, Gregory K, et al; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for STI screening. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Mar 15;77(6):819-24.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Workowski KA, Berman SM. Diseases characterized by genital ulcers. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Aug 4;55(RR-11):14-30.Eckert LO, Lentz GM. Infections of the lower genital tract: vulva, vagina, cervix, toxic shock syndrome, HIV infections. In: Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2007:chap 22.Hook EW III. Syphilis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 340.
When anybodie's hiv and vdrl both test report result non-reactive then is he safe from both infections?
Non-reactive HIV and VDRL tests indicate that the patient wasn't infected prior to the window periods for those illnesses. If there has been a new exposure during the window period, retesting should be done.
What is is the meaning of a non-reactive HIV test result?
A nonreactive VDRL test is good news. It means that a person is negative for syphilis.I have received employment visa of UAE through Company. During Pre-medical test are test are negative except VDRL is positive. Now I am in problem what I do for VDRL will declare negative.
Syphilis?
DefinitionSyphilis is infection with the bacteria Treponema pallidum.Alternative NamesLues; Cupid's disease; SyphCauses, incidence, and risk factorsSyphilis is a sexually-transmitted infectious disease. The bacteria that cause it spread through broken skin or mucous membranes.Pregnant mothers infected with the disease can pass it to the baby developing in their womb. This is called congenital syphilis.Syphilis is widespread in the United States. It mainly affects sexually active adults ages 20 to 29.Syphilis has several stages.Primary syphilis is the first stage. Painless sores ( chancres) form at the site of infection about 2-3 weeks after you are first infected. You may not notice the sores or any symptoms, particularly if the sores are inside the rectum or cervix. The sores disappear in about 4-6 weeks, even without treatment. The bacteria become dormant (inactive) in your system at this stage. For more specific information about this type of syphilis, see primary syphilis.Secondary syphilis occurs about 2-8 weeks after the first sores form. About 33% of those who do not have their primary syphilis treated will develop this second stage. These symptoms will often also go away without treatment and again, the bacteria become dormant (inactive) in your system. For more specific information about this type of syphilis, see secondary syphilis.Tertiary syphilis is the final stage of syphilis. The infection spreads to the brain, nervous system, heart, skin, and bones. The dormant bacteria may be detectable either by seeing the damage they cause to a part of the body, or through a blood test for syphilis. For more specific information about this type of syphilis, see tertiary syphilis.SymptomsThe symptoms of syphilis depend on the stage of the disease. Many people do not have symptoms.In general, painless sores and swollen lymph nodes are possible symptoms of primary syphilis. Those with secondary syphilis may also have fever, fatigue, rash, aches and pains, and loss of appetite, among other symptoms. Tertiary syphilis causes heart, brain, and nervous system problems.For more information, see the article on the specific stage of syphilis.Signs and testsBlood tests can be done to detect substances produced by the bacteria that cause syphilis. The older test is the VDRL test. Other blood tests may include RPR and FTA-ABS.TreatmentAntibiotics are an effective treatment for syphilis. The antibiotic of choice is penicillin. The dose and how it's given (into a muscle or into a vein) depend on the stage of syphilis. Doxycycline may be used as an alternative treatment in individuals who are allergic to penicillin.Several hours after treatment of early stages of syphilis, you may have a reaction called Jarish-Herxheimer reaction. Symptoms of this reaction include:ChillsFeverGeneral feeling of being illGeneral joint achesGeneral muscle achesHeadacheNauseaRashThese symptoms usually disappear within 24 hours.You must have follow-up blood tests at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months to make sure the infection is gone. You should avoid sexual conduct until two follow-up tests show that the infection has been cured. Syphilis is extremely contagious through sexual contact in the primary and secondary stages.Syphilis is a reportable infection. That means that doctors must report any cases of syphilis to public health authorities, so that potentially infected sexual partners may be identified and treated.Expectations (prognosis)With prompt treatment and follow-up care, syphilis can be cured.Late-stage syphilis can lead to long-term health problems, despite therapy.ComplicationsComplications of untreated syphilis include:Damage to the skin and bonesHeart and blood vessel problems, including inflammation and aneurysms of the aortaNeurosyphilisCalling your health care providerNotify your health care provider if you develop signs or symptoms of syphilis. Several conditions may have similar symptoms, so you will need to have a complete medical exam.Also call your health care provider if you have had sexual contact with someone who has syphilis.PreventionIf you are sexually active, practice safe sex and always use condoms.All pregnant women, people with HIV, and others at increased risk for having syphilis should be screened for syphilis.ReferencesHook EW III. Syphilis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 340.U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Syphilis Infection: Recommendation Statement. Ann Fam Med 2004; 2: 362-365.
