crescent
I know for sure earthshine occurs during the crescent phase and im not sure but it might also occur during the gibbous phase. <3
Earthshine occurs during the phases of the Moon known as "new moon" and "first quarter moon." During these phases, sunlight illuminates the Earth, which in turn reflects some light back towards the Moon, creating the phenomenon known as earthshine.
earthshine
We can see the Moon very faintly during this phase because, even though there is no Sun's light reflecting from the Moon, there is a small amount of light reflecting off Earth to the Moon. This 'Earthshine' is barely seen as a reflection from the Moon here on Earth.
No, the position of the Moon and the Sun as OBSERVED from the Earth.
The new moon phase appears completely dark when observed from Earth because the side of the moon illuminated by the sun is facing away from us. This means that no sunlight is reaching the side of the moon that we can see, making it invisible to us.
The sunlit side of the moon drowns out the Earthshine from the "dark side" of the moon and the gibbous moon is mainly above the horizon during the nighttime hours, so Earthshine is almost never seen on a gibbous moon.
Sunlight reflected from Earth, especially that reflected onto the dark side of the Moon. For a few days before and after each new moon, this doubly reflected light is powerful enough to make the whole Moon visible, producing the effect, in the case of the new moon, of "the new moon holding the old moon in her arms."
on or around the full moon phase
The New Moon
Reflected earthshine. Which is sunlight reflected from earth.
Sometimes the dark part of the moon is illuminated by the reflection of sunlight off the Earth. It is called Earthshine. Check this site http://home.hiwaay.net/~krcool/Astro/moon/earthshine/