These are the noble gases, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Electrons are not located in the nucleus of an atom.
An electron in an atom's outer shell is shielded from the nucleus by inner-shell electrons. These inner-shell electrons repel the outer electron, reducing the net attractive force from the nucleus. This shielding effect helps explain why outer-shell electrons are more loosely bound and easier to remove during chemical reactions.
You just said it, electrons. The "shell" is just an energy level. It is called a shell because it surrounds the atom, but it is just the electrons. Since there is no way to determine the exact location of an electron, it is referred to as an "electron cloud."
No, never. An isotope has to do with the nucleus of the atom.
The outer shell of an atom is populated by electrons, which have a negative charge. Protons, which have a positive charge hang out in the nucleus of the atom.
The outer shell is the valence electrons and they are very loosely bound to the nucleus - less force by the nucleus on the valence electrons, so valence shell's electrons are exchanged first in any reaction.
Electrons are located in the cloud that surrounds the nucleus of an atom.
Boron
Yes, the outer shell of an atom, known as the valence shell, generally has the highest energy level compared to the inner shells. Electrons in this outer shell are further from the nucleus and are less tightly bound, making them more energetic and involved in chemical bonding. The energy level of electrons decreases as you move inward toward the nucleus.
protons in the nucleus (the nucleus should have 8 protons). It is the oxygen-16 atom.
electrons
I believe it's just the outer shell. It is where the outer electrons are contained.