The conclusion was that an atom contain a positive nucleus.
Bohr studied the spectrums of various atoms and generalized his quantum theory from his discoveries. He concluded that the electrons of an atom determined many of its characteristics.
The gold foil experiment, because it proved that there were nuclei in the atoms
that the atom mostly consisted of empty space.
There are a few things that are true about gold that could not be discovered in Rutherford's experiment. There are solid atoms in the region that are called Nucleus.
The arrangement of the atoms
He concluded that all atoms of an element have same mass and identical chemical and physical properties.
Ernest Rutherford concluded that an atom contains a very small, dense center, called a nucleus, with a positive charge as a result of his gold foil experiment.
Bohr studied the spectrums of various atoms and generalized his quantum theory from his discoveries. He concluded that the electrons of an atom determined many of its characteristics.
Rutherford Discovered Many key factors of the atom. Especially about Protons and Electrons. He Did Not Know about neutrons. He Concluded That The atoms electron cloud was positive and electron floated around it like chocolate chips in a cookie.
As far as I know, atoms can't be seen with anything, but scientist are sure that they exists. That is done by lots of experiment, which back up their theory that atoms exists.
atoms
The gold foil experiment, because it proved that there were nuclei in the atoms
After that famous experiment, it was realized that atoms were mostly empty space.
In Rutherford's gold foil experiment atoms are mostly empty space.
Ernest Rutherford, following the "gold foil" experiment.
The arrangement of the atoms
Rutherford, with his gold foil experiment.